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Cervical spine radiology
Plain radiographs continue to play an important role in the assessment of the cervical spine, despite an ever-increasing u...
Malignant hyperthermia
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening emergency characterized by a hypermetabolic state w...
Monitoring techniques: neuromuscular blockade and depth of anaesthesia
Electroencephalography (EEG) forms the basis for most depth of anaesthesia (DOA) monitors. Raw EEG has limited use in the ...
The cell membrane and receptors
The plasma membrane forms the interface between the cell and its environment. It is composed essentially of a phospholipid...
Cervical spine disease and anaesthesia
Cervical spine disease is common. Approximately two-thirds of the UK population suffer with neck pain at some stage during...
Capillary dynamics and the interstitial fluid–lymphatic system
The capillaries are the ‘business end’ of the circulatory system, where materials exchange between the plasma and tissues....
Electricity and magnetism
The fat mass (FM) is greater in late preterm than full term infants at 1 month post birth, which may be an additional risk...
Front-of-neck airway: percutaneous tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy
Percutaneous tracheostomy is a common procedure performed in the intensive care unit setting. This review discusses the ev...
Antidepressants and antipsychotics
Mental health disorders represent the most common cause of disability in the UK with one in four adults affected each year...
Mechanisms of drug interactions II: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Drug interactions occur between a pharmaceutical agent and a substance such as another drug. They are clinically relevant ...
Mechanics
Mechanics directly relates maths to physics and the physical world; it is the clearest example of ‘real-world’ implication...
Mechanisms of action of general anaesthetic drugs
The proposed mechanism of action of anaesthetic medications has developed gradually since the mid-1800s when Ernst Von Bib...
Factors affecting drug absorption and distribution
Pharmacokinetics describes the processes that underpin how the human body handles a drug. There are four elements to pharm...
Obstructive sleep apnoea and anaesthesia
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep disorder, affecting up to 5% of the population. It can have a c...
Anaesthesia for ear surgery
Anaesthesia for ear surgery requires knowledge of the relevant anatomy and appreciation of the principal surgical requirem...
Airway trauma
Trauma to the airway should be considered according to its anatomical location and the mechanism of injury, which can broa...
SI units
Non-SI units are still used in many areas due to a combination of convenience and historical reasons. When using non-SI un...
Processing, storage and display of physiological measurements
As anaesthetists we rely on the monitoring that we attach to our patients to be accurate, responsive and reliable. The dis...
Special senses
A typical sensory receptor cell consists of a selectively sensitive transducer and a high-gain amplifier, contained within...
Alternative techniques for tracheal intubation
When tracheal intubation has been unexpectedly difficult, the DAS guidelines advise maintaining oxygenation and inserting ...
Anaesthesia for endoscopic surgery
Anaesthesia for endoscopic ear, nose and throat surgery involves unique challenges. The anaesthetist and surgeon must work...
Mathematical concepts
Many anaesthetists avoid learning about core mathematical principles in the belief that they are too hard, irrelevant, or ...
Transtracheal jet ventilation
Transtracheal jet ventilation (TTJV) is a method of lung ventilation via a narrow-bore catheter placed percutaneously into...
Basic measurement concepts
Accurate monitoring and measurement of physiological parameters is fundamental in modern anaesthetic practice. The physica...
Ear, nose and throat emergencies
Foreign body (FB) aspiration commonly occurs in the 1–3 year age group, and is a leading cause of pre-hospital death in ch...
Adverse drug reactions
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a response to a drug that is noxious and unintended. They are a frequent cause of hospit...
Gas, tubes and flow
Optimizing the flow of both liquids and gases is crucial to many areas of anaesthetic and critical care practice. In this ...
Maintenance of anaesthesia
General anaesthesia can be described as the reversible loss of conscious awareness and response to noxious stimuli. The ma...
Health information and the importance of clinical coding
Clinical coding is the process of converting health information, which may be a combination of free text language and a cl...
The management of pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality, frequently requiring critical ...