Azziz R., Dumesic D., Chazenbalk G., Goodarzi M. 2013. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 7 (4), 219‒231.

Google Scholar 

Knochenhauer E., Key T., Kahsarmiller M., Waggoner W., Boots L., Azziz R. 1998. The endocrine society prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the Southeastern United States: A prospective study. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 83, 3078‒3082.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Azziz R., Carmina E., Chen Z., Dunaif A., Laven J. 2016. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2, 16057.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dabravolski S.A., Nikiforov N.G., Eid A.H., Nedosugova L.V., Starodubova A.V., Popkova T.V., Bezsonov E.E., Orekhov A.N. 2021. Mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 8, 3923.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jerkovic L., Voegele A.F., Chwatal S., Kronenberg F., Radcliffe C.M., Wormald M.R., Lobentanz E.M., Ezeh B., Eller P., Dejori N., Dieplinger B., Lottspeich F., Sattler W., Uhr M., Mechtler K., Dwek R.A., Rudd P.M., Baier G., Dieplinger H. 2005. Afamin is a novel human vitamin E-binding glycoprotein characterization and in vitro expression. J. Proteome Res. 4 (3), 889‒899.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seeber B.E., Czech T., Buchner H., Kurzthaler D., Wildt L., Dieplinger H. 2008. Afamin, a vitamin e-binding protein elevated in metabolic syndrome, is significantly increased in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, regardless of insulin resistance. Fertil. Steril. 90 (Suppl.), S14‒S15.

Article  Google Scholar 

Voegele A., Lidija Jerković,Wellenzohn B., Eller P., Kronenberg F., Liedl K. 2002. Characterization of the vitamin E-binding properties of human plasma afamin. Biochemistry. 41, 14532‒14538.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jerkovic L., Dieplinger H., Eller P., Voegele A., Urh M., Moncayo H., Soelder E., Wolf H., Illmensee K. 1999. P-124. Afamin and vitamin E in follicular fluid of patients undergoing IVF. Hum. Reproduct. 14 (Suppl. 3), 203.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dieplinger B., Egger M., Gabriel C., Poelz W., Morandell E., Seeber B., Kronenberg F., Haltmayer M., Mueller T., Dieplinger H. 2013. Analytical characterization and clinical evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of afamin in human plasma. Clin. Chim. Acta. 425, 236‒241.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dieplinger H., Dieplinger B. 2015. Afamin—a pleiotropic glycoprotein involved in various disease states. Clin. Chim. Acta. 446, 105‒110.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vatassery G.T., Nelson M.J., Maletta G.J., Kuskowski M.A. 1991. Vitamin E (tocopherols) in human cerebrospinal fluid. Am. J. Clin. Nutrition. 53 (1), 95‒99.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lichenstein H., Lyons D., Wurfel M., Johnson D., McGinley M., Leidli J., Trollinger D., Mayer J., Wright S., Zukowski M. 1994. Afamin is a new member of the albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein gene family J. Biol. Chem. 269 (27), 18149–18154.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li L., Zhang J., Zeng J., Liao B., Peng X., Li T., Li J., Tan Q., Li X., Yang Y., Chen Z., Liang Z. 2020. Proteomics analysis of potential serum biomarkers for insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Med. 45 (5), 1409‒1416.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lai F., Liu J., Li L., Ma J., Shen W. 2016. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate impairs steroidogenesis in ovarian follicular cells of prepuberal mice. Arch. Toxicol. 91 (3), 1279‒1292.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lai N., Xiang N., Li N., Li Y. 2018. Oxidative stress in granulosa cells contributes to poor oocyte quality and IVF-ET outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front. Med. 12 (5), 518‒524.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Endocrinology Subgroup and Expert Panel, Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gyneocology and Chinese Medical Association. 2018. Chinese guideline for diagnosis and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 53, 2–6. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567X.2018.01.002

Article  Google Scholar 

Franks S. 2018. Commentary: the new international guideline for diagnosis and management of PCOS was worth the effort. Clin. Endocrinol. 90, 265‒266.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rosenfield R., Ehrmann D. 2016. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Endocr. Rev. 37, 2015‒1104.

Article  Google Scholar 

Luo M., Huang J.C., Yang Z.Q., Wang Y.S., Guo B., Yue Z.P. 2020. Hydroxysafflor yellow A exerts beneficial effects by restoring hormone secretion and alleviating oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome mice. Exp. Physiol. 105 (2), 282‒292.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wan J., Liu S. 2020. Rosiglitazone ameliorates palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and steroidogenic capacity in granulosa cells. Reprod. Biol. 20 (3), 293‒229.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rudnicka E., Duszewska A.M., Kucharski M., Tyczyński P., Smolarczyk R. 2022. Oxidative stress and reproductive function: Oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome. Reproduction. 164 (6), F145‒F154.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu R., Lin J., Zhao J., Wang P., Xiao S. 2012. Study on clinical effect on infertility women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 47, 250.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiao J., Feng H. 2011. Extra- and intra-ovarian factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: Impact on oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence. Hum. Reprod. Update. 17, 17‒33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Han A., Kim H., Cha S., Park C., Kim J. 2011. Adverse pregnancy outcomes with assisted reproductive technology in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. Clin. Exp. Reprod. Med. 38, 103‒108.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Comim F., Hardy K., Franks S. 2013. Adiponectin and its receptors in the ovary: Further evidence for a link between obesity and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. PLoS One. 8, e80416.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qi X., Zhang B., Zhao Y., Li R., Chang H.M., Pang Y., Qiao J. 2017. Hyperhomocysteinemia promotes insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation in PCOS mice through modulating M2 macrophage polarization via estrogen suppression. Endocrinology. 158 (5), 1181‒1193.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nikbakht R., Mohammadjafari R., Rajabalipour M., Moghadam M.T. 2021. Evaluation of oocyte quality in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing ART cycles. Fertil. Res. Pract. 7 (1), 2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kollerits B., Lamina C., Huth C., Marques-Vidal P., Kiechl S., Seppälä I., Cooper J., Hunt S.C., Meisinger C., Herder C., Kedenko L., Willeit J., Thorand B., Dähnhardt D., Stöckl D., Willeit K., Roden M., Rathmann W., Paulweber B., Peters A., Kähönen M., Lehtimäki T., Raitakari O.T., Humphries S.E., Vollenweider P., Dieplinger H., Kronenberg F. 2017. Plasma concentrations of afamin are associated with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis in more than 20,000 individuals. Diabetes Care. 40 (10), 1386‒1393.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nuez-Calonge R., Cortes S., Caballero Peregrín P., Gutierrez Gonzalez L.M., Kireev R. 2021. Seminal plasma and serum afamin levels are associated with infertility in men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Reprod. Sci. 28 (5), 1498‒1506.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kheiripour N., Khodamoradi Z., Ranjbar A., Borzouei S. 2021. The positive effect of short-term nano-curcumin therapy on insulin resistance and serum levels of afamin in patients with metabolic syndrome. Avicenna J. Phytomed. 11, 146‒153.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Seeber B., Morandell E., Lunger F., Wildt L., Dieplinger H. 2014. Afamin serum concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 12, 88.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yuan Y., He W., Fan X., Liang J., Cao Z., Li L. 2023. Serum afamin levels in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 14, 1157114.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Köninger A., Iannaccone A., Hajder E., Frank M., Schmidt B., Schleussner E., Kimmig R., Gellhaus A., Dieplinger H. 2019. Afamin predicts gestational diabetes in polycystic ovary syndrome patients preconceptionally. Endocr. Connect. 8 (5), 616‒624.

Article  PubMed