Anka AU, Tahir MI, Abubakar SD, Alsabbagh M, Zian Z, Hamedifar H, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an overview of the immunopathology, serological diagnosis and management. Scand J Immunol. 2021;93: e12998.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang R, Elhusseiny KM, Yeh YC, Sun WZ. COVID-19 ICU and mechanical ventilation patient characteristics and outcomes-A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16: e0246318.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wolff D, Nee S, Hickey NS, Marschollek M. Risk factors for Covid-19 severity and fatality: a structured literature review. Infection. 2021;49:15–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joelsson JP, Asbjarnarson A, Sigurdsson S, Kricker J, Valdimarsdottir B, Thorarinsdottir H, et al. Ventilator-induced lung injury results in oxidative stress response and mitochondrial swelling in a mouse model. Lab Anim Res. 2022;38:23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun ZT, Yang CY, Miao LJ, Zhang SF, Han XP, Ren SE, et al. Effects of mechanical ventilation with different tidal volume on oxidative stress and antioxidant in lung. J Anesth. 2015;29:346–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mazullo Filho JB, Bona S, Rosa DP, Silva FG, Forgiarini Junior LA, Dias AS, et al. The effects of mechanical ventilation on oxidative stress. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2012;24:23–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ruiz A, Flores-Gonzalez J, Buendia-Roldan I, Chavez-Galan L. Telomere shortening and its association with cell dysfunction in lung diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):425.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bellon M, Nicot C. Telomere dynamics in immune senescence and exhaustion triggered by chronic viral infection. Viruses. 2017;9(10):289.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Reyes A, Ortiz G, Duarte LF, Fernandez C, Hernandez-Armengol R, Palacios PA, et al. Contribution of viral and bacterial infections to senescence and immunosenescence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1229098.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Froidure A, Mahieu M, Hoton D, Laterre PF, Yombi JC, Koenig S, et al. Short telomeres increase the risk of severe COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12:19911–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haridoss M, Ayyasamy L, Bagepally BS. Is COVID-19 severity associated with telomere length? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Virus Genes. 2023;59:489–98.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Virseda-Berdices A, Concostrina-Martinez L, Martinez-Gonzalez O, Blancas R, Resino S, Ryan P, et al. Relative telomere length impact on mortality of COVID-19: Sex differences. J Med Virol. 2023;95: e28368.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schneider CV, Schneider KM, Teumer A, Rudolph KL, Hartmann D, Rader DJ, et al. Association of telomere length with risk of disease and mortality. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182:291–300.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Retuerto M, Lledo A, Fernandez-Varas B, Guerrero-Lopez R, Usategui A, Lalueza A, et al. Shorter telomere length is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and with persistence of radiographic lung abnormalities. Immun Ageing. 2022;19:38.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zribi B, Uziel O, Lahav M, Mesilati Stahy R, Singer P. Telomere length changes during critical illness: a prospective, observational study. Genes. 2019;10(10):761.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)–a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42:377–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin J, Epel E. Stress and telomere shortening: Insights from cellular mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;73: 101507.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bar C, Blasco MA (2016). Telomeres and telomerase as therapeutic targets to prevent and treat age-related diseases. F1000Res, 5.

Rossiello F, Jurk D, Passos JF, d’Adda di Fagagna F. Telomere dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Cell Biol. 2022;24:135–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barnes RP, Fouquerel E, Opresko PL. The impact of oxidative DNA damage and stress on telomere homeostasis. Mech Ageing Dev. 2019;177:37–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Punder K, Heim C, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S. Stress and immunosenescence: The role of telomerase. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;101:87–100.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Becerra-Munoz VM, Nunez-Gil IJ, Eid CM, Garcia Aguado M, Romero R, Huang J, et al. Clinical profile and predictors of in-hospital mortality among older patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Age Ageing. 2021;50:326–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liang Z, Saugar EE, Alamian A, Ferreira T, Downs CA. Changes in telomere length and indicators of oxidative stress in critically ill mechanically ventilated adults - A pilot study. Biol Res Nurs. 2023;25:282–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang CH, Lin HC, Chang YC, Maa SH, Wang JS, Tang WR. Predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in ventilated intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96: e9165.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chua EX, Zahir S, Ng KT, Teoh WY, Hasan MS, Ruslan SRB, et al. Effect of prone versus supine position in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2021;74: 110406.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guerin C, Albert RK, Beitler J, Gattinoni L, Jaber S, Marini JJ, et al. Prone position in ARDS patients: why, when, how and for whom. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:2385–96.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tekantapeh ST, Nader ND, Ghojazadeh M, Fereidouni F, Soleimanpour H. Prone positioning effect on tracheal intubation rate, mortality and oxygenation parameters in awake non-intubated severe COVID-19-induced respiratory failure: a review of reviews. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29:63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nay MA, Hindre R, Perrin C, Clement J, Plantier L, Seve A, et al. Prone position versus usual care in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients in medical wards: a randomised controlled trial. Crit Care. 2023;27:240.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kharat A, Simon M, Guerin C. Prone position in COVID 19-associated acute respiratory failure. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2022;28:57–65.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Safont B, Tarraso J, Rodriguez-Borja E, Fernandez-Fabrellas E, Sancho-Chust JN, Molina V, et al. Lung function, radiological findings and biomarkers of fibrogenesis in a cohort of COVID-19 patients six months after hospital discharge. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022;58:142–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giacomelli C, Piccarducci R, Marchetti L, Romei C, Martini C. Pulmonary fibrosis from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions: lessons from post-COVID-19 patients. Biochem Pharmacol. 2021;193: 114812.

Article