List of PELS Investigators: Giovanni Chiarini1, Silvia Mariani1,2, Bas C.T. van Bussel4, Samuel Heuts1, Michele Di Mauro1, Dominik Wiedemann5, Anne-Kristin Schaefer5, Luca Conci5, Diyar Saeed6, Jawad Khalil6, Sven Lehmann6, Matteo Pozzi7, Jean-Francois Obadia7, Antonio Loforte8,9, Luca Botta8, Davide Pacini8, Udo Boeken10, Nikolaos Kalampokas10, Robertas Samalavicius11, Agne Jankuviene11, Karl Bounader12, Erwan Flecher12, Xiaotong Hou13, Jeroen J.H. Bunge14,15, Dinis Dos Reis Miranda15, Hergen Buscher16, Kogulan Sriranjan16, Leonardo Salazar17, Bart Meyns18, Daniel Herr19, Michael A Mazzeffi19, Sacha Matteucc20, Marco Di Eusanio20, Sandro Sponga21, Igor Vendramin21, Graeme MacLaren22, Vitaly Sorokin22, Kollengode Ramanathan22, Claudio Russo23, Alessandro Costetti23, Francesco Formica2,24, Pranya Sakiyalak25, Antonio Fiore26, Daniele Camboni27, Chistof Schmid27, Giuseppe Maria Raffa28, Rodrigo Diaz29, Roberto Castillo29, I-wen Wang30, Jae-Seung Jung31, Jan Belohlavek32, Tomas Grus33, Vin Pellegrino34, Giacomo Bianchi35, Marco Solinas35, Matteo Pettinari36, Alessandro Barbone37, José P. Garcia38, Kiran Shekar39, Glenn Whitman40, Roberto Lorusso1.

1Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 2Cardiac Surgery Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy 3Universidade de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. 4Department of Intensive Care Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 5Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 6Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany 7Department of Cardiac Surgery, Louis Pradel Cardiologic Hospital, Lyon, France 8Division of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 9University of Turin, Turin, Italy 10Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany. 11II Department of Anesthesiology, Centre of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain management, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania. 12Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery. Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France. 13Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessels Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 14Department of cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 15Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 16Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Center of Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. 17Department of Cardiology, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia. 18Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 19Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA. 20SOD Cardiochirurgia Ospedali Riuniti 'Umberto I - Lancisi - Salesi' Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. 21Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy. 22Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 23Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy. 24Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. 25Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 26Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, Paris, France. 27Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. 28Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Palermo, Italy. 29ECMO Unit, Departamento de Anestesia, Clínica Las Condes, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. 30Division of Cardiac Surgery, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA. 31Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. 322nd Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine General Teaching Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. 332nd Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. 34Intensive Care Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 35Ospedale del Cuore Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Massa, Italy. 36Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium. 37Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital – Rozzano (MI) – Italy. 38IU Health Advanced Heart & Lung Care, Indiana University Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 39Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. 40Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.