From the Department of Surgery (M.P., K.K., C.T., S.E.S., N.S., D.S.), Boston Medical Center; School of Public Health (J.J., S.G.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Surgery (D.H.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Submitted: August 15, 2023, Revised: November 7, 2023, Accepted: November 12, 2023, Published online: November 23, 2023.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jtrauma.com).

Address for correspondence: Dane Scantling, DO, MPH, Boston Medical Center, 840 Harrison Ave, Dowling 2 South, Boston, MA 02118; email: [email protected].