Acuff SF, Simon NW, Murphy JG (2022) Effort-related decision making and cannabis use among college students. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 31:228–237. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000544

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Acuff SF, MacKillop J, Murphy JG (2023) A contextualized reinforcer pathology approach to addiction. Nat Rev Psychol 2:309–323. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00167-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Addicott MA, Wardle MC, Selig JP (2020) Effort-based decision making varies by smoking status. Psychopharmacology 237:1081–1090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05437-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

American Psychiatric Association (2013) DSM-5. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA

Google Scholar 

Amlung M, Marsden E, Holshausen K et al (2019) Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic process in Psychiatric disorders: a Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 76:1176–1186. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2102

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Andrade LF, Petry NM (2012) Delay and probability discounting in pathological gamblers with and without a history of substance use problems. Psychopharmacology 219:491–499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2508-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Balconi M, Finocchiaro R (2015) Decisional impairments in cocaine addiction, reward bias, and cortical oscillation unbalance. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 11:777–786. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S79696

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Balconi M, Finocchiaro R, Campanella S (2014) Reward sensitivity, decisional bias, and metacognitive deficits in cocaine drug addiction. J Addict Med 8:399–406. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000065

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baler RD, Volkow ND (2006) Drug addiction: the neurobiology of disrupted self-control. Trends Mol Med 12:559–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2006.10.005

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barch DM, Treadway MT, Schoen N (2014) Effort, anhedonia, and function in schizophrenia: reduced effort allocation predicts amotivation and functional impairment. J Abnorm Psychol 123:387–397. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036299

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baskin-Sommers AR, Foti D (2015) Abnormal reward functioning across substance use disorders and major depressive disorder: considering reward as a transdiagnostic mechanism. Int J Psychophysiol 98:227–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.01.011

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bechara A (2005) Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: a neurocognitive perspective. Nat Neurosci 8:1458–1463. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1584

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berridge KC, Robinson TE (1998) What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Res Rev 28:309–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00019-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bickel WK, Johnson MW, Koffarnus MN et al (2014) The behavioral Economics of Substance Use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair. Ann Rev Clin Psychol 10:641–677. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153724

Article  Google Scholar 

Blume AW, Alan Marlatt G (2009) The role of executive cognitive functions in changing substance use: what we know and what we need to know. Ann Behav Med 37:117–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9093-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caligiuri MP, Ellwanger J (2000) Motor and cognitive aspects of motor retardation in depression. J Affect Disord 57:83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00068-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carey V, Zeger SL, Diggle P (1993) Modelling multivariate binary data with alternating logistic regressions. Biometrika. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/80.3.517

Article  Google Scholar 

Charles-Walsh K, Upton DJ, Hester R (2016) Examining the interaction between cognitive control and reward sensitivity in substance use dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 166:235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.020

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chong TTJ, Bonnelle V, Manohar S et al (2015) Dopamine enhances willingness to exert effort for reward in Parkinson’s disease. Cortex 69:40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.003

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Daughters SB, Braun AR, Sargeant MN et al (2008) Effectiveness of a brief behavioral treatment for inner-city illicit drug users with elevated depressive symptoms: the Life Enhancement Treatment for Substance Use (LETS Act!). J Clin Psychiatry 69:122–129. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v69n0116

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daughters SB, Magidson JF, Anand D et al (2018) The effect of a behavioral activation treatment for substance use on post-treatment abstinence: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 113:535–544. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14049

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dawe S, Loxton NJ (2004) The role of impulsivity in the development of substance use and eating disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28:343–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.03.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Degenhardt L, Hall W (2012) Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet 379:55–70

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Field M, Heather N, Murphy JG et al (2019) Recovery from addiction: behavioral Economics and Value-based decision making. Psychol Addict Behav 34:182–193. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000518

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Friedman JH, Brown RG, Comella C et al (2007) Fatigue in Parkinson’s disease: a review. Mov Disord 22:297–308

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garland EL (2021) Mindful positive emotion regulation as a treatment for addiction: from hedonic pleasure to Self-Transcendent meaning. Curr Opin Behav Sci 39:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.03.019

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Green L, Myerson J, Vanderveldt A (2014) Delay and Probabilty Discounting. In: McSweeney FK, Murphy ES (eds) The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom, pp 307–338

Google Scholar 

Hingson RW, Zha W, Simons-Morton B, White AM (2016) Alcohol-Induced Blackouts as Predictors of Other Drinking Related Harms Among Emerging Young Adults. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 40:776–784. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13010

Hingson RW, Zha W, Smyth D (2017) Magnitude and Trends in Heavy Episodic drinking, alcohol-impaired driving, and Alcohol-related mortality and overdose hospitalizations among emerging adults of College ages 18–24 in the United States, 1998–2014. J Stud Alcohol Drug 78:540–548

Google Scholar 

Holt DD, Green L, Myerson J (2003) Is discounting impulsive? Evidence from temporal and probability discounting in gambling and non-gambling college students. Behav Process 64:355–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(03)00141-4

Article  Google Scholar 

Johnson SL, Gershon A, Starov V (2015) Is energy a stronger indicator of mood for those with bipolar disorder compared to those without bipolar disorder? Psychiatry Res 230:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joint Economic Committee (2019) Long-term trends in deaths of despair. Report of the Social Capital Project

Kalivas PW, Volkow ND (2005) The neural basis of addiction: a pathology of motivation and choice. Am J Psychiatry 162:1403–1413. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.8.1403

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koob GF (2022) Anhedonia, Hyperkatifeia, and negative reinforcement in Substance Use disorders. In: Pizzagalli DA (ed) Anhedonia: preclinical, translational, and clinical integration. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 147–165

Google Scholar 

Lawn W, Freeman TP, Pope RA et al (2016) Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis amotivational hypotheses. Psychopharmacology 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4383-x

Luijten M, Schellekens AF, Kühn S et al (2017) Disruption of reward processing in addiction: an image-based meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. JAMA Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3084

Article