Ahn K, McKinney MK, Cravatt BF (2008) Enzymatic pathways that regulate endocannabinoid signaling in the nervous system. Chem Rev 108(5):1687–1707. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0782067

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alisic E, Zalta AK, van Wesel F, Larsen SE, Hafstad GS, Hassanpour K, Smid GE (2014) Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry: J Mental Sci 204:335–340. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.131227

Article  Google Scholar 

Allgaier A-K, Frühe B, Pietsch K, Saravo B, Baethmann M, Schulte-Körne G (2012) Is the children’s Depression Inventory Short version a valid screening tool in pediatric care? A comparison to its full-length version. J Psychosom Res 73(5):369–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amir Hamzah K, Toms LM, Kucharski N, Orr J, Turner NP, Hobson P, Nichols DS, Ney LJ (2023) Sex-dimorphism in human serum endocannabinoid and n-acyl ethanolamine concentrations across the lifespan. Sci Rep 13(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50426-4

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, Walker JD, Whitfield C, Perry BD, Dube SR, Giles WH (2006) The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin NeuroSci 256(3):174–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Birmaher B, Brent DA, Chiappetta L, Bridge J, Monga S, Baugher M (1999) Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): a replication study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bisogno T, Ligresti A, Di Marzo V (2005) The endocannabinoid signalling system: biochemical aspects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 81(2):224–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.027

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Boileau I, Tyndale RF, Williams B, Mansouri E, Westwood DJ, Le Foll B, Rusjan PM, Mizrahi R, De Luca V, Zhou Q, Wilson AA, Houle S, Kish SJ, Tong J (2015) The fatty acid amide hydrolase C385A variant affects brain binding of the positron emission tomography tracer [11 C]CURB. J Cereb Blood Flow Metabolism: Official J Int Soc Cereb Blood Flow Metabolism 35(8):1237–1240. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.119

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Borg BA, Rabinak CA, Marusak HA (2021) Violence exposure and mental health consequences among urban youth. Curr Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02141-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carvalho AF, Van Bockstaele EJ (2012) Cannabinoid modulation of noradrenergic circuits: implications for psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuro-psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 38(1):59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.01.008

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Copeland WE, Keeler G, Angold A, Costello EJ (2007) Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64(5):577–584. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.577

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dainese E, Oddi S, Simonetti M, Sabatucci A, Angelucci CB, Ballone A, Dufrusine B, Fezza F, De Fabritiis G, Maccarrone M (2020) The endocannabinoid hydrolase FAAH is an allosteric enzyme. Sci Rep 10(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59120-1

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

deRoon-Cassini TA, Stollenwerk TM, Beatka M, Hillard CJ (2020) Meet your stress management professionals: the endocannabinoids. Trends Mol Med 26(10):953–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.002

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

deRoon-Cassini TA, Bergner CL, Chesney SA, Schumann NR, Lee TS, Brasel KJ, Hillard CJ (2022) Circulating endocannabinoids and genetic polymorphisms as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity: heterogeneity in a community-based cohort. Translational Psychiatry 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01808-1

Desai S, Borg BA, Cuttler C, Crombie K, Rabinak CA, Hill MN, Marusak HA (2021) A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of exercise on the endocannabinoid system. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res

Desai S, Zundel CG, Evanski JM, Gowatch LC, Bhogal A, Ely S, Carpenter C, Shampine M, O’Mara E, Rabinak CA, Marusak HA (2024) Genetic variation in endocannabinoid signaling: anxiety, depression, and threat- and reward-related brain functioning during the transition into adolescence. Behav Brain Res 463:114925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114925

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dincheva I, Drysdale AT, Hartley CA, Johnson DC, Jing D, King EC, Ra S, Gray JM, Yang R, DeGruccio AM, Huang C, Cravatt BF, Glatt CE, Hill MN, Casey BJ, Lee FS (2015) FAAH genetic variation enhances fronto-amygdala function in mouse and human. Nat Commun 6(1):6395. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7395

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dlugos A, Childs E, Stuhr KL, Hillard CJ, de Wit H (2012) Acute stress increases circulating anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 37(11):2416–2427. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.100

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Evanski JM, Zundel CG, Baglot SL, Desai S, Gowatch LC, Ely SL, Sadik N, Lundahl LH, Hill MN, Marusak HA (2024) The first hit to the Endocannabinoid System? Associations between prenatal Cannabis exposure and Frontolimbic White Matter pathways in Children. Biol Psychiatry Global Open Sci 4(1):11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.09.005

Article  Google Scholar 

Faraj MM, Evanski J, Zundel CG, Peters C, Brummelte S, Lundahl L, Marusak HA (2022) Impact of prenatal cannabis exposure on functional connectivity of the salience network in children. J Neurosci Res. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25136

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferger M, Höper S, van der Venne P, Kaess M, Koenig J (2023) Endocannabinoid system alterations in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and Childhood Trauma. Biol Psychiatry 93(9):S12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.050

Article  Google Scholar 

Gee DG, Fetcho RN, Jing D, Li A, Glatt CE, Drysdale AT, Cohen AO, Dellarco DV, Yang RR, Dale AM, Jernigan TL, Lee FS, Casey BJ (2016) Individual differences in frontolimbic circuitry and anxiety emerge with adolescent changes in endocannabinoid signaling across species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(16), 4500–4505. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600013113

Gillespie CF, Bradley B, Mercer K, Smith AK, Conneely K, Gapen M, Weiss T, Schwartz AC, Cubells JF, Ressler KJ (2009) Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in inner city primary care patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 31(6):505–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.05.003

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gillikin C, Habib L, Evces M, Bradley B, Ressler KJ, Sanders J (2016) Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms associate with violence in inner city civilians. J Psychiatr Res 83:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.027

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gorzalka BB, Hill MN, Hillard CJ (2008) Regulation of endocannabinoid signaling by stress: implications for stress-related affective disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 32(6):1152–1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.03.004

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gowatch LC, Evanski JM, Ely SL, Zundel CG, Bhogal A, Carpenter C, Shampine MM, O’Mara E, Mazurka R, Barcelona J, Mayo LM, Marusak HA (2024) Endocannabinoids and stress-related Neurospsychiatric disorders: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of basal concentrations and response to Acute Psychosocial stress. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0246

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayes AF (2013) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. In Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. (pp. xvii, 507–xvii, 507). Guilford Press

Hill MN, Miller GE, Carrier EJ, Gorzalka BB, Hillard CJ (2009) Circulating endocannabinoids and N-acyl ethanolamines are differentially regulated in major depression and following exposure to social stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.03.013

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hill MN, Bierer LM, Makotkine I, Golier JA, Galea S, McEwen BS, Hillard CJ, Yehuda R (2013) Reductions in circulating endocannabinoid levels in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to the world trade center attacks. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38(12):2952–2961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.004

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hill MN, Campolongo P, Yehuda R, Patel S (2018) Integrating Endocannabinoid Signaling and Cannabinoids into the Biology and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In Neuropsychopharmacology (Vol. 43, Issue 1, pp. 80–102). https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.162

Hill MN, Haney M, Hillard CJ, Karhson DS, Vecchiarelli HA (2023) The endocannabinoid system as a putative target for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses. Psychol Med. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723002465

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hillard CJ (2018) Circulating endocannabinoids: from Whence do they come and where are they going? Neuropsychopharmacology 43(1):155–172. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.130

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar