Ilic M, Ilic I. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:9694–705.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Adamska A, Domenichini A, Falasca M. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: current and evolving therapies. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:67.

Article  Google Scholar 

Park W, Chawla A, O’Reilly EM. Pancreatic cancer: a review. JAMA. 2021;326:851–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:7–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70:7–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:7–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R, et al. Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Cancer Res. 2014;74:2913–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gutierrez ML, Munoz-Bellvis L, Orfao A. Genomic heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its clinical impact. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:87.

Article  Google Scholar 

Samuel N, Hudson TJ. The molecular and cellular heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:77–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rawla P, Sunkara T, Gaduputi V. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer: global trends, etiology and risk factors. World J Oncol. 2019;10:10–27.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bosetti C, Lucenteforte E, Silverman DT, et al. Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case–Control Consortium (Panc4). Ann Oncol. 2012;23:1880–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klein AP, Brune KA, Petersen GM, et al. Prospective risk of pancreatic cancer in familial pancreatic cancer kindreds. Cancer Res. 2004;64:2634–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Costache MI, Costache CA, Dumitrescu CI, et al. Which is the best imaging method in pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis and staging—CT, MRI or EUS? Curr Health Sci J. 2017;43:132–6.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gudmundsdottir H, Yonkus JA, Alva-Ruiz R, et al. Yield of staging laparoscopy for pancreatic cancer in the modern era: analysis of more than 1,000 consecutive patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2023;237:49–57.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Poruk KE, Gay DZ, Brown K, et al. The clinical utility of CA 19–9 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic updates. Curr Mol Med. 2013;13:340–51.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meng Q, Shi S, Liang C, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:4591–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Akimoto S, Banshodani M, Nishihara M, et al. Acute cholecystitis with significantly elevated levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2016;10:410–6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mann DV, Edwards R, Ho S, et al. Elevated tumour marker CA19-9: clinical interpretation and influence of obstructive jaundice. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2000;26:474–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Turtel PS, Kreel I, Israel J, et al. Elevated CA19-9 in a case of Mirizzi’s syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:355–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Albert MB, Steinberg WM, Henry JP. Elevated serum levels of tumor marker CA19-9 in acute cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci. 1988;33:1223–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Kaoutari A, Fraunhoffer NA, Audebert S, et al. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ubiquitination profiling reveals specific prognostic and theranostic markers. EBioMedicine. 2023;92: 104634.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao R, Ren S, Li C, et al. Biomarkers for pancreatic cancer based on tissue and serum metabolomics analysis in a multicenter study. Cancer Med. 2023;12:5158–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wolrab D, Jirasko R, Cifkova E, et al. Lipidomic profiling of human serum enables detection of pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun. 2022;13:124.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang G, Yao H, Gong Y, et al. Metabolic detection and systems analyses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through machine learning, lipidomics, and multi-omics. Sci Adv. 2021;7:2724.

Article  Google Scholar 

Byeon SK, Madugundu AK, Garapati K, et al. Development of a multiomics model for identification of predictive biomarkers for COVID-19 severity: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Digit Health. 2022;4:e632–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lofgren L, Stahlman M, Forsberg GB, et al. The BUME method: a novel automated chloroform-free 96-well total lipid extraction method for blood plasma. J Lipid Res. 2012;53:1690–700.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Breiman L. Random forests. J Mach Learn. 2001;45:5–32.

Article  Google Scholar 

Matsuki K, Kuperman V, Van Dyke JA. The random forests statistical technique: an examination of its value for the study of reading. Sci Stud Read. 2016;20:20–33.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kohler N, Rose TD, Falk L, et al. Investigating global lipidome alterations with the lipid network explorer. Metabolites. 2021;11:79.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gaud C, Nguyen A, et al. BioPAN: a web-based tool to explore mammalian lipidome metabolic pathways on LIPID MAPS. F1000Res. 2021;10:4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao J, Tarcea VG, Karnovsky A, et al. Metscape: a cytoscape plug-in for visualizing and interpreting metabolomic data in the context of human metabolic networks. Bioinformatics. 2010;26:971–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kolberg L, Raudvere U, Kuzmin I, et al. g:Profiler-interoperable web service for functional enrichment analysis and gene identifier mapping (2023 update). Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51:W207–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Uppal K, Ma C, Go YM, et al. xMWAS: a data-driven integration and differential network analysis tool. Bioinformatics. 2018;34:701–2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lei C, Hou Y, Chen J. Specificity protein 1-activated bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 accelerates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration. Exp Ther Med. 2021;22:1459.

Article  CAS