Biological sex considerations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine | frontiers research topic updated 18.11.2022. https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/31880/biological-sex-considerations-in-tissue-engineering-and-regenerative-medicine.

What is gender? What is sex?—CIHR updated 02.03.2021. https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/48642.html.

Cobo G, Hecking M, Port FK, Exner I, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, et al. Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease: progression to end-stage renal disease and haemodialysis. Clin Sci. 2016;130(14):1147–63.

Article  Google Scholar 

Decaroli MC, Vincentis SD, Rochira V. Aging and sex hormones in males. Vit Hormones. 2021;115:545–70.

Google Scholar 

Ferraro PM, Da Cunha TS, Curhan GC. Sex differences and the risk of kidney stones. Semin Nephrol. 2022;42(2):230–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fischer KE, Riddle NC. Sex differences in aging: genomic instability. The Journals of Gerontol Series A. 2018;73(2):166–74.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hunt L, Nielsen MW, Schiebinger L. A framework for sex, gender, and diversity analysis in research. Science. 2022;377(6614):1492–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mauvais-Jarvis F, Bairey Merz N, Barnes PJ, Brinton RD, Carrero J-J, DeMeo DL, et al. Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. The Lancet. 2020;396(10250):565–82.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ober C, Loisel DA, Gilad Y. Sex-specific genetic architecture of human disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2008;9(12):911–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Piani F, Melena I, Tommerdahl KL, Nokoff N, Nelson RG, Pavkov ME, et al. Sex-related differences in diabetic kidney disease: a review on the mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications. J Diabetes Complications. 2021;35(4): 107841.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gender Studies in Product Development: Historical overview https://www.fda.gov/science-research/womens-health-research/gender-studies-product-development-historical-overview.

Pardue M-L, Wizemann TM. Exploring the biological contributions to human health: does sex matter? 2001.

Komukai K, Mochizuki S, Yoshimura M. Gender and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010;24(6):687–98.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Consideration of sex as a biological variable in NIH-funded research, (09.06.2015).

Author and reviewer guidelines for evaluating sex and gender analysis in manuscripts http://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/sex-and-gender-analysis-policies-peer-reviewed-journals.html.

The Commission's gender equality strategy 2021 https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/strategy/strategy-2020-2024/democracy-and-rights/gender-equality-research-and-innovation_en#gender-equality-plans-as-an-eligibility-criterion-in-horizon-europe.

Boddu R, Fan C, Rangarajan S, Sunil B, Bolisetty S, Curtis LM. Unique sex- and age-dependent effects in protective pathways in acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2017;313(3):F740–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen W-Y, Hsiao C-H, Chen Y-C, Ho C-H, Wang J-J, Hsing C-H, et al. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity might have a sex difference an analysis based on women’s sex hormone changes. J Cancer. 2017;8(19):3939–44.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Sullivan JC, Edwards A, Layton AT. Sex-specific computational models of the spontaneously hypertensive rat kidneys: factors affecting nitric oxide bioavailability. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2017;313(2):F174–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clotet-Freixas S, Zaslaver O, Pastrello C, Kotlyar M, McEvoy C, Farkona S, et al. Cell sex and sex hormones modulate kidney glucose and glutamine metabolism in health and diabetes. bioRxiv. 2021:2021.08.23.457385.

Joseph S, Nicolson TJ, Hammons G, Word B, Green-Knox B, Lyn-Cook B. Expression of drug transporters in human kidney: impact of sex, age, and ethnicity. Biol Sex Differ. 2015;6:4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kalucki SA, Lardi C, Garessus J, Kfoury A, Grabherr S, Burnier M, et al. Reference values and sex differences in absolute and relative kidney size. A Swiss autopsy study. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):289.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gemmell LA, Terhorst L, Jhamb M, Unruh M, Myaskovsky L, Kester L, et al. Gender and racial differences in stress, coping, and health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016;52(6):806–12.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hughes IA, Houk C, Ahmed SF, Lee PA. Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91(7):554–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nielsen MW, Stefanick ML, Peragine D, Neilands TB, Ioannidis JPA, Pilote L, et al. Gender-related variables for health research. Biol Sex Differ. 2021;12(1):23.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lock R, Al Asafen H, Fleischer S, Tamargo M, Zhao Y, Radisic M, et al. A framework for developing sex-specific engineered heart models. Nat Rev Mater. 2022;7(4):295–313.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Quinlan C, Rheault MN. X-linked kidney disorders in women. Semin Nephrol. 2022;42(2):114–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Snell DM, Turner JMA. Sex chromosome effects on male-female differences in mammals. Curr Biol. 2018;28(22):R1313–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Günthner R, Knipping L, Jeruschke S, Satanoskij R, Lorenz-Depiereux B, Hemmer C, et al. Renal X-inactivation in female individuals with X-linked Alport syndrome primarily determined by age. Front Med. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.953643.

Article  Google Scholar 

Greer KA, Higgins MA, Cox ML, Ryan TP, Berridge BR, Kashtan CE, et al. Gene expression analysis in a canine model of X-linked Alport syndrome. Mamm Genome. 2006;17(9):976–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weksberg R, Shuman C, Beckwith JB. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010;18(1):8–14.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gretz N, Ceccherini I, Kränzlin B, Klöting I, Devoto M, Rohmeiss P, et al. Gender-dependent disease severity in autosomal polycystic kidney disease of rats. Kidney Int. 1995;48(2):496–500.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abd El-Lateef SM, El-Sayed E-SM, Mansour AM, Salama SA. The protective role of estrogen and its receptors in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Life Sci. 2019;239:117082.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dixon A, Maric C. 17β-Estradiol attenuates diabetic kidney disease by regulating extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor-β protein expression and signaling. Am J Physiol-Renal Physiol. 2007;293(5):F1678–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hassan E, Allam S, Mansour AM, Shaheen A, Salama SA. The potential protective effects of estradiol and 2-methoxyestradiol in ischemia reperfusion-induced kidney injury in ovariectomized female rats. Life Sci. 2022;296: 120441.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alegría-Torres JA, Baccarelli A, Bollati V. Epigenetics and lifestyle. Epigenomics. 2011;3(3):267–77.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borrelli S, Provenzano M, Gagliardi I, Michael A, Liberti M, De Nicola L, et al. Sodium intake and chronic kidney disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(13):4744.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kaaja RJ, Greer IA. Manifestations of chronic disease during pregnancy. JAMA. 2005;294(21):2751–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed