Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA, Zepp JA, Palmer BE, Bufler P, Dinarello CA. IL-37 is a fundamental inhibitor of innate immunity. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(11):1014–22.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tete S, Tripodi D, Rosati M, Conti F, Maccauro G, Saggini A, et al. IL-37 (IL-1F7) the newest anti-inflammatory cytokine which suppresses immune responses and inflammation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2012;25(1):31–8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li S, Amo-Aparicio J, Neff CP, Tengesdal IW, Azam T, Palmer BE, et al. Role for nuclear interleukin-37 in the suppression of innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(10):4456–61.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cavalli G, Dinarello CA. Suppression of inflammation and acquired immunity by IL-37. Immunol Rev. 2018;281(1):179–90.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang L, Quan Y, Yue Y, Heng X, Che F. Interleukin-37: a crucial cytokine with multiple roles in disease and potentially clinical therapy. Oncol Lett. 2018;15(4):4711–9.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nold-Petry CA, Lo CY, Rudloff I, Elgass KD, Li S, Gantier MP, et al. IL-37 requires the receptors IL-18Ralpha and IL-1R8 (SIGIRR) to carry out its multifaceted anti-inflammatory program upon innate signal transduction. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(4):354–65.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lunding L, Webering S, Vock C, Schroder A, Raedler D, Schaub B, et al. IL-37 requires IL-18Ralpha and SIGIRR/IL-1R8 to diminish allergic airway inflammation in mice. Allergy. 2015;70(4):366–73.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

El-Behi M, Ciric B, Dai H, Yan Y, Cullimore M, Safavi F, et al. The encephalitogenicity of T(H)17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23-induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF. Nat Immunol. 2011;12(6):568–75.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hu D, Notarbartolo S, Croonenborghs T, Patel B, Cialic R, Yang TH, et al. Transcriptional signature of human pro-inflammatory TH17 cells identifies reduced IL10 gene expression in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):1600.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Langrish CL, Chen Y, Blumenschein WM, Mattson J, Basham B, Sedgwick JD, et al. IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J Exp Med. 2005;201(2):233–40.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cua DJ, Sherlock J, Chen Y, Murphy CA, Joyce B, Seymour B, et al. Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain. Nature. 2003;421(6924):744–8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sánchez-Fernández A, Zandee S, Amo-Aparicio J, Charabati M, Prat A, Garlanda C, et al. IL-37 exerts therapeutic effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through the receptor complex IL-1R5/IL-1R8. Theranostics. 2021;11(1):1–13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yogev N, Bedke T, Kobayashi Y, Brockmann L, Lukas D, Regen T, et al. CD4(+) T-cell-derived IL-10 promotes CNS inflammation in mice by sustaining effector T cell survival. Cell Rep. 2022;38(13):110565.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kouchaki E, Tamtaji OR, Dadgostar E, Karami M, Nikoueinejad H, Akbari H. Correlation of serum levels of IL-33, IL-37, Soluble Form of Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and circulatory frequency of VEGFR2-expressing cells with multiple sclerosis severity. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;16(4):329–37.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farrokhi M, Rezaei A, Amani-Beni A, Etemadifar M, Kouchaki E, Zahedi A. Increased serum level of IL-37 in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. Acta Neurol Belg. 2015;115(4):609–14.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cavalli E, Mazzon E, Basile MS, Mammana S, Pennisi M, Fagone P et al. In Silico and in vivo analysis of IL37 in multiple sclerosis reveals its probable homeostatic role on the clinical activity, disability, and treatment with Fingolimod. Molecules 2019;25(1).

Dobson R, Giovannoni G. Multiple sclerosis - a review. Eur J Neurol. 2019;26(1):27–40.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Galli E, Hartmann FJ, Schreiner B, Ingelfinger F, Arvaniti E, Diebold M, et al. GM-CSF and CXCR4 define a T helper cell signature in multiple sclerosis. Nat Med. 2019;25(8):1290–300.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iyer SS, Cheng G. Role of interleukin 10 transcriptional regulation in inflammation and autoimmune disease. Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(1):23–63.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu X, Alli R, Steeves M, Nguyen P, Vogel P, Geiger TL. The T cell response to IL-10 alters cellular dynamics and paradoxically promotes central nervous system autoimmunity. J Immunol. 2012;189(2):669–78.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cannella B, Gao YL, Brosnan C, Raine CS. IL-10 fails to abrogate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci Res. 1996;45(6):735–46.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Godsell J, Rudloff I, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Hoi A, Nold MF, Morand EF, et al. Clinical associations of IL-10 and IL-37 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep. 2016;6:34604.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

O’Garra A, Barrat FJ, Castro AG, Vicari A, Hawrylowicz C. Strategies for use of IL-10 or its antagonists in human disease. Immunol Rev. 2008;223:114–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saxena A, Khosraviani S, Noel S, Mohan D, Donner T, Hamad AR. Interleukin-10 paradox: a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that has been difficult to harness for immunotherapy. Cytokine. 2015;74(1):27–34.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Carlini V, Noonan DM, Abdalalem E, Goletti D, Sansone C, Calabrone L, et al. The multifaceted nature of IL-10: regulation, role in immunological homeostasis and its relevance to cancer, COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1161067.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Foulds KE, Rotte MJ, Seder RA. IL-10 is required for optimal CD8 T cell memory following Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Immunol. 2006;177(4):2565–74.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nagelkerken L, Blauw B, Tielemans M. IL-4 abrogates the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL mice. Int Immunol. 1997;9(9):1243–51.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rott O, Fleischer B, Cash E. Interleukin-10 prevents experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. Eur J Immunol. 1994;24(6):1434–40.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shevach EM. Mechanisms of foxp3 + T regulatory cell-mediated suppression. Immunity. 2009;30(5):636–45.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Goldmann O, Nwofor OV, Chen Q, Medina E. Mechanisms underlying immunosuppression by regulatory cells. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1328193.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Moreau JM, Velegraki M, Bolyard C, Rosenblum MD, Li Z. Transforming growth factor-β1 in regulatory T cell biology. Sci Immunol. 2022;7(69):eabi4613.

Article