Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:12–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gebrael G, Fortuna GG, Sayegh N, Swami U, Agarwal N. Advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Trends Cancer. 2023;9:840–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Glaviano A, Foo ASC, Lam HY, Yap KCH, Jacot W, Jones RH. et al. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer. Mol Cancer. 2023;22:138

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shorning BY, Dass MS, Smalley MJ, Pearson HB. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Prostate Cancer: At the Crossroads of AR, MAPK, and WNT Signaling. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:4507.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manning BD, Toker A. AKT/PKB signaling: navigating the network. Cell. 2017;169:381–405.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sarbassov DD, Guertin DA, Ali SM, Sabatini DM.Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex. Science. 2005;307:1098–101.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jamaspishvili T, Berman DM, Ross AE, Scher HI, De Marzo AM, Squire JA, et al. Clinical implications of PTEN loss in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2018;15:222–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang S, Gao J, Lei Q, Rozengurt N, Pritchard C, Jiao J, et al. Prostate-specific deletion of the murine Pten tumor suppressor gene leads to metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Cell. 2003;4:209–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen Z, Trotman LC, Shaffer D, Lin HK, Dotan ZA, Niki M, et al. Crucial role of p53-dependent cellular senescence in suppression of Pten-deficient tumorigenesis. Nature. 2005;436:725–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen ML, Xu PZ, Peng XD, Chen WS, Guzman G, Yang X, et al. The deficiency of Akt1 is sufficient to suppress tumor development in Pten+/- mice. Genes Dev. 2006;20:1569–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bayascas JR, Leslie NR, Parsons R, Fleming S, Alessi DR. Hypomorphic mutation of PDK1 suppresses tumorigenesis in PTEN(+/-) mice. Curr Biol. 2005;15:1839–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guertin DA, Stevens DM, Saitoh M, Kinkel S, Crosby K, Sheen JH, et al. mTOR complex 2 is required for the development of prostate cancer induced by Pten loss in mice. Cancer Cell. 2009;15:148–59.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Braglia L, Zavatti M, Vinceti M, Martelli AM, Marmiroli S. Deregulated PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in prostate cancer: Still a potential druggable target? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2020;1867:118731.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carracedo A, Ma L, Teruya-Feldstein J, Rojo F, Salmena L, Alimonti A, et al. Inhibition of mTORC1 leads to MAPK pathway activation through a PI3K-dependent feedback loop in human cancer. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:3065–74.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hsu PP, Kang SA, Rameseder J, Zhang Y, Ottina KA, Lim D, et al. The mTOR-regulated phosphoproteome reveals a mechanism of mTORC1-mediated inhibition of growth factor signaling. Science. 2011;332:1317–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carver BS, Chapinski C, Wongvipat J, Hieronymus H, Chen Y, Chandarlapaty S, et al. Reciprocal feedback regulation of PI3K and androgen receptor signaling in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. Cancer Cell. 2011;19:575–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tortorella E, Giantulli S, Sciarra A, Silvestri I. AR and PI3K/AKT in Prostate Cancer: A Tale of Two Interconnected Pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:2046.

Adams DR, Ron D, Kiely PA. RACK1, a multifaceted scaffolding protein: structure and function. Cell Commun Signal. 2011;9:22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cao XX, Xu JD, Xu JW, Liu XL, Cheng YY, Wang WJ, et al. RACK1 promotes breast carcinoma proliferation and invasion/metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;123:375–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fei L, Ma Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Luo Y, Wang C, et al. RACK1 promotes lung cancer cell growth via an MCM7/RACK1/ Akt signaling complex. Oncotarget. 2017;8:40501–13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li G, Ji XD, Gao H, Zhao JS, Xu JF, Sun ZJ, et al. EphB3 suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer metastasis via a PP2A/RACK1/Akt signalling complex. Nat Commun. 2012;3:667.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kiely PA, O’Gorman D, Luong K, Ron D, O’Connor R. Insulin-like growth factor I controls a mutually exclusive association of RACK1 with protein phosphatase 2A and beta1 integrin to promote cell migration. Mol Cell Biol. 2006;26:4041–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li JJ, Xie D. RACK1, a versatile hub in cancer. Oncogene. 2015;34:1890–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ruan Y, Sun L, Hao Y, Wang L, Xu J, Zhang W, et al. Ribosomal RACK1 promotes chemoresistance and growth in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:2554–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhong X, Li M, Nie B, Wu F, Zhang L, Wang E, et al. Overexpressions of RACK1 and CD147 associated with poor prognosis in stage T1 pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20:1044–52.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mamidipudi V, Dhillon NK, Parman T, Miller LD, Lee KC, Cartwright CA. RACK1 inhibits colonic cell growth by regulating Src activity at cell cycle checkpoints. Oncogene. 2007;26:2914–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deng YZ, Yao F, Li JJ, Mao ZF, Hu PT, Long LY, et al. RACK1 suppresses gastric tumorigenesis by stabilizing the beta-catenin destruction complex. Gastroenterology. 2012;142:812–23.e815.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo H, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Xue S. Identification of crucial genes and pathways associated with prostate cancer in multiple databases. J Int Med Res. 2021;49:3000605211016624.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen F, Yan C, Liu M, Feng Y, Chen Y. RACK1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Mol Med Rep. 2013;8:999–1004.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amir S, Golan M, Mabjeesh NJ. Targeted knockdown of SEPT9_v1 inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis of human prostate cancer cells concomitant with disruption of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway. Mol Cancer Res. 2010;8:643–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amir S, Wang R, Simons JW, Mabjeesh NJ. SEPT9_v1 up-regulates hypoxia-inducible factor 1 by preventing its RACK1-mediated degradation. J Biol Chem. 2009;284:11142–51.

Article  CAS