Sanofi Aventis Canada. Monographie de produit/product monograph: CLOMID®. 2013; Disponible sur. https://pdf.hres.ca/dpd_pm/00021925.PDF. Accessed 5 May 2024.

Scaparrotta A, Chiarelli F, Verrotti A. Potential teratogenic effects of clomiphene citrate. Drug Saf. 2017;40:761–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clomid 50 mg tablets: summary of product characteristics (SmPC)—(emc). https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/961/smpc#about-medicine. Accessed 25 Jan 2024.

Yilmaz S, Yilmaz Sezer N, Gönenç İM, İlhan SE, Yilmaz E. Safety of clomiphene citrate: a literature review. Cytotechnology. 2018;70:489–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohnishi T, Ohashi Y, Amano I, Nozu K. An ovulation inducing agent containing clomiphene citrate causes DNA-strand breaks without SOS responses in Escherichia coli. Mutat Res. 1986;165:57–61.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duran B, Ozdemir I, Demirel Y, Ozdemir O, Cetin A, Guven A. In vivo evaluation of the genotoxic effects of clomiphene citrate on rat reticulocytes: a micronucleus genotoxicity. Gynecol Obstet Investig. 2006;61:228–31.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Open Medic : base complète sur les dépenses de médicaments. 2014 à 2022. L’Assurance Maladie. 2023. https://assurance-maladie.ameli.fr/etudes-et-donnees/open-medic-base-complete-depenses-medicaments. Accessed 13 Oct 2023.

Carlier P, Choulika S, Efthymiou ML. Clomiphene-exposed pregnancies–analysis of 39 information requests including 25 cases with known outcome [in French]. Therapie. 1996;51:532–6.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Vries L, de Swart I, van Puijenbroek E. Postconceptional clomiphene exposure in pregnancy: a case series. Birt Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2014;100:522.

Google Scholar 

Merrell-National Laboratories. Pregnancy outcome of humans following Clomid (clomiphene citrate USP) with summary of detail of reported information on birth anomalies of offspring. Division of Richardson-Merrell Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio, 45215. 1976.

von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12:1495–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Elefant E, Vauzelle C, Beghin D. Centre de Référence sur Les Agents Tératogènes (CRAT): a pioneer center. Therapie. 2014;69:39–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

CRAT: Centre de Référence sur Les Agents Tératogènes chez la femme enceinte. Les médicaments dangereux pendant la grossesse. https://www.lecrat.fr/spip.php?page=article&id_article=742. Accessed 16 Mar 2023.

Huchon C, Deffieux X, Beucher G, Capmas P, Carcopino X, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, et al. Pregnancy loss: French clinical practice guidelines. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;201:18–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Quibel T, Bultez T, Nizard J, Subtil D, Huchon C, Rozenberg P. In utero fetal death [in French]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2014;43:883–907.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Congenital disorders. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/birth-defects. Accessed 16 May 2023.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2020. 1.4 Congenital anomalies: definitions. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/surveillancemanual/chapters/chapter-1/chapter1-4.html. Accessed 10 May 2022.

Complete EUROCAT Guide 1.4 and Reference Documents (version 22.11.2021). https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/system/files/public/JRC-EUROCAT-Full%20Guide%201%204%20version%2022-Nov-2021.pdf. Accessed 5 May 0224.

EUROCAT: European platform on rare disease registration. https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.e. Accessed 12 Apr 2022.

Greenland S, Ackerman DL. Clomiphene citrate and neural tube defects: a pooled analysis of controlled epidemiologic studies and recommendations for future studies. Fertil Steril. 1995;64:936–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu YW, Croen LA, Henning L, Najjar DV, Schembri M, Croughan MS. A potential association between infertility and spinal neural tube defects in offspring. Birt Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2006;76:718–22.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Meijer W, Berg L, Berg M, Verheij J, Walle H. Clomiphene and hypospadias on a detailed level: signal or chance? Birt Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2006;76:249–52.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lind JN, Tinker SC, Broussard CS, Reefhuis J, Carmichael SL, Honein MA, et al. Maternal medication and herbal use and risk for hypospadias: data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013;22:783–93.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sørensen HT, Pedersen L, Skriver MV, Nørgaard M, Nørgård B, Hatch EE. Use of clomifene during early pregnancy and risk of hypospadias: population based case–control study. BMJ. 2005;330:126–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Auffret M, Cottin J, Vial T, Cucherat M. Clomiphene citrate and neural tube defects: a meta-analysis of controlled observational studies. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;126:1127–33.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cunha GR, Taguchi O, Namikawa R, Nishizuka Y, Robboy SJ. Teratogenic effects of clomiphene, tamoxifen, and diethylstilbestrol on the developing human female genital tract. Hum Pathol. 1987;18:1132–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gorwill RH, Steele HD, Sarda IR. Heterotopic columnar epithelium and adenosis in the vagina of the mouse after neonatal treatment with clomiphene citrate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982;144:529–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clark JH, McCormack S. Clomid or nafoxidine administered to neonatal rats causes reproductive tract abnormalities. Science. 1977;197:164–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ara C, Asmatullah A. Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of clomiphene citrate in developing mice. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 2011;24:1053–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

McCormack S, Clark JH. Clomid administration to pregnant rats causes abnormalities of the reproductive tract in offspring and mothers. Science. 1979;204:629–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eneroth G, Forsberg U, Grant CA. Experimentally induced hydramnion in rats: an animal model. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1970;206(Suppl. 206):43.

Article  Google Scholar 

Morris JM. Postcoital contraception. Ann Intern Med. 1970;73:656.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Courtney KD, Valerio DA. Teratology in the Macaca mulatta. Teratology. 1968;1:163–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar