Athavale D, Chouhan S, Pandey V, Mayengbam SS, Singh S, Bhat MK. Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated hypercholesterolemia: involvement of proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin type-9 (PCSK9). Cancer Metab. 2018;6:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40170-018-0187-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bovenga F, Sabbà C, Moschetta A. Uncoupling nuclear receptor LXR and cholesterol metabolism in cancer. Cell Metab. 2015;21:517–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2015.03.002.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bruix J, Boix L, Sala M, Llovet JM. Focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell. 2004;5:215–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buñay J, Fouache A, Trousson A, de Joussineau C, Bouchareb E, Zhu Z, Kocer A, Morel L, Baron S, Lobaccaro J-MA. Screening for liver X receptor modulators: Where are we and for what use? Br J Pharmacol. 2021;178:3277–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15286.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Calon A, Espinet E, Palomo-Ponce S, Tauriello DV, Iglesias M, Cespedes MV, Sevillano M, Nadal C, Jung P, Zhang XH, Byrom D, Riera A, Rossell D, Mangues R, Massague J, Sancho E, Batlle E. Dependency of colorectal cancer on a TGF-beta-driven program in stromal cells for metastasis initiation. Cancer Cell. 2012;22:571–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.013.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chandrashekar DS, Karthikeyan SK, Korla PK, Patel H, Shovon AR, Athar M, Netto GJ, Qin ZS, Kumar S, Manne U, Creighton CJ, Varambally S. UALCAN: An update to the integrated cancer data analysis platform. Neoplasia (new York, NY). 2022;25:18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2022.01.001.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Duan Y, Kang Y, Yang X, Jiang M, Zhang L, Li G, Yin Z, Hu W, Dong P, Li X, Hajjar DP, Han J. Activation of liver X receptor induces macrophage interleukin-5 expression. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:43340–50. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.403394.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Duan Y, Yang X, Sun L, Liu M, Wang Q, Ma X, Zhang W, Li X, Hu W, Miao RQ, Xiang R, Hajjar DP, Han J. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and activation of LXR synergistically reduce atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2015;35:948–59. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.305116.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chisholm JW, Hong J, Mills SA, Lawn RM. The LXR ligand T0901317 induces severe lipogenesis in the db/db diabetic mouse. J Lipid Res. 2003;44:2039–48. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M300135-JLR200.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chouhan S, Singh S, Athavale D, Ramteke P, Pandey V, Joseph J, Mohan R, Shetty PK, Bhat MK. Glucose induced activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma is regulated by DKK4. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27558. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27558.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chouhan S, Singh S, Athavale D, Ramteke P, Vanuopadath M, Nair BG, Nair SS, Bhat MK. Sensitization of hepatocellular carcinoma cells towards doxorubicin and sorafenib is facilitated by glucosedependent alterations in reactive oxygen species, P-glycoprotein and DKK4. J Biosci. 2020;45.

Currie E, Schulze A, Zechner R, Walther TC, Farese RV Jr. Cellular fatty acid metabolism and cancer. Cell Metab. 2013;18:153–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.017.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Delaunay S, Rapino F, Tharun L, Zhou Z, Heukamp L, Termathe M, Shostak K, Klevernic I, Florin A, Desmecht H, Desmet CJ, Nguyen L, Leidel SA, Willis AE, Buttner R, Chariot A, Close P. Elp3 links tRNA modification to IRES-dependent translation of LEF1 to sustain metastasis in breast cancer. J Exp Med. 2016;213:2503–23. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160397.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Derangere V, Chevriaux A, Courtaut F, Bruchard M, Berger H, Chalmin F, Causse SZ, Limagne E, Vegran F, Ladoire S, Simon B, Boireau W, Hichami A, Apetoh L, Mignot G, Ghiringhelli F, Rebe C. Liver X receptor beta activation induces pyroptosis of human and murine colon cancer cells. Cell Death Differ. 2014;21:1914–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2014.117.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fodor D, Jung I, Turdean S, Satala C, Gurzu S. Angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma: An immunohistochemistry study. World J Hepatol. 2019;11:294–304. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v11.i3.294.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao Y, Lin LP, Zhu CH, Chen Y, Hou YT, Ding J. Growth arrest induced by C75, A fatty acid synthase inhibitor, was partially modulated by p38 MAPK but not by p53 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006;5:978–85. https://doi.org/10.4161/cbt.5.8.2883.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

George J, Li Y, Kadamberi IP, Parashar D, Tsaih SW, Gupta P, Geethadevi A, Chen C, Ghosh C, Sun Y, Mittal S, Ramchandran R, Rui H, Lopez-Berestein G, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Leone G, Rader JS, Sood AK, Dey M, Pradeep S, Chaluvally-Raghavan P. RNA-binding protein FXR1 drives cMYC translation by recruiting eIF4F complex to the translation start site. Cell Rep. 2021;37:109934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109934.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ikeuchi Y, Shigi N, Kato J, Nishimura A, Suzuki T. Mechanistic insights into sulfur relay by multiple sulfur mediators involved in thiouridine biosynthesis at tRNA wobble positions. Mol Cell. 2006;21:97–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2005.11.001.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inoue KI, Kishimoto S, Akimoto K, Sakuma M, Toyoda S, Inoue T, Yoshida KI, Shimoda M, Suzuki S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts show heterogeneous gene expression and induce vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in response to environmental stimuli. Annal Gastroenterol Surg. 2019;3:416–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12249.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kuhajda FP. Fatty-acid synthase and human cancer: new perspectives on its role in tumor biology. Nutrition. 2000;16:202–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00266-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laxman S, Sutter BM, Wu X, Kumar S, Guo X, Trudgian DC, Mirzaei H, Tu BP. Sulfur amino acids regulate translational capacity and metabolic homeostasis through modulation of tRNA thiolation. Cell. 2013;154:416–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.043.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee JM, Gang GT, Kim DK, Kim YD, Koo SH, Lee CH, Choi HS. Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits liver X receptor alpha-mediated hepatic lipogenesis via induction of the nuclear corepressor SMILE. J Biol Chem. 2014;289:1079–91. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.491522.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li N, Zhou ZS, Shen Y, Xu J, Miao HH, Xiong Y, Xu F, Li BL, Luo J, Song BL. Inhibition of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing inflammation in mice. Hepatology. 2017;65:1936–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29018.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin C-Y, Gustafsson J-Å. Targeting liver X receptors in cancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer. 2015;15:216–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3912.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Wei Z, Ma X, Yang X, Chen Y, Sun L, Ma C, Miao QR, Hajjar DP, Han J, Duan Y. 25-Hydroxycholesterol activates the expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in an LXR-dependent mechanism. J Lipid Res. 2018;59:439–51. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M080440.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ma X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Chen Y, Liu M, Li X, Xiang R, Wei Y, Duan Y, Han J. Tamoxifen induces the development of hernia in mice by activating MMP-2 and MMP-13 expression. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1852:1038–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.02.006.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McCullough CT, Tura BJ, Harrison DJ. Growth factor attenuation of IFNgamma-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis requires p21waf-1. Int J Exp Pathol. 2006;87:275–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00481.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase and the lipogenic phenotype in cancer pathogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7:763–77. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2222.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miller KD, Nogueira L, Devasia T, Mariotto AB, Yabroff KR, Jemal A, Kramer J, Siegel RL. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:409–36. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21731.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morén A, Bellomo C, Tsubakihara Y, Kardassis D, Mikulits W, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. LXRα limits TGFβ-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma associated fibroblast differentiation. Oncogenesis. 2019;8:36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41389-019-0140-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Numata T, Ikeuchi Y, Fukai S, Suzuki T, Nureki O. Snapshots of tRNA sulphuration via an adenylated intermediate. Nature. 2006;442:419–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04896.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Philipp M, John F, Ringli C. The cytosolic thiouridylase CTU2 of Arabidopsis thaliana is essential for posttranscriptional thiolation of tRNAs and influences root development. BMC Plant Biol. 2014;14:109. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-14-109.