PA mitigated the deteriorating colonic histopathological changes in UC. A Representative H&E staining images of colonic sections, images were obtained at ×100 magnification, scale bars, 50 μm: a, control; b, model; c, PA (7.5 mg/kg); d, PA (15 mg/kg); e, PA (30 mg/mg); and f, SASP. B Representative H&E staining images of colonic sections; images were obtained at ×100 magnification, scale bars, 50 μm: a, control; b, model; c, PA (15 mg/kg); and d, PA (30 mg/kg). C MPO activity of TNBS-induced UC rats. D MPO activity of DSS-induced UC mice. E The histological score of TNBS-induced UC rats. F The histological score of DSS-induced UC mice. #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 vs. control group; *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. model group