Evaluation and Management of Elevated BP in Children in the ED

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Hypertension. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension

Urbina EM, Mendizábal B, Becker RC, Daniels SR, Falkner BE, Hamdani G, Hanevold C, Hooper SR, Ingelfinger JR, Lanade M, et al. Association of blood pressure level with left ventricular mass in adolescents. Hypertension. 2019;74:590–6. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13027.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Falkner B, Gidding SS, Baker-Smith CM, Brady TM, Flynn JT, Malle LM, et al. Pediatric Primary Hypertension: An Underrecognized Condition: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2023;80(6):e101-e111. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000228. Epub 2023 Mar 30. PMID: 36994715.

Flynn JT, et al. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents, (in eng). Pediatrics. 2017;140(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1904. 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guidelines for the screening and management of pediatric hypertension at clinic visit.

Jebeile H, Kelly AS, O'Malley G, Baur LA. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(5):351–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00047-X. Epub 2022 Mar 3. PMID: 35248172; PMCID: PMC9831747.

Chang T-H, Chen Y-C, Chen W-Y, Chen C-Y, Hsu W-Y, Chou Y, Chang Y-H. Weight Gain associated with COVID-19 lockdown in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2021;13:3668. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103668.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song P, Zhang Y, Yu J, Zha M, Zhu Y, Rahimi K, et al. Global prevalence of hypertension in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(12):1154–63. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3310.PMID:31589252;PMCID:PMC6784751.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hardy ST, Urbina EM. Blood pressure in childhood and adolescence. Am J Hypertens. 2021;34(3):242–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpab004.PMID:33821942;PMCID:PMC8022980.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meena J, Singh M, Agarwal A, Chauhan A, Jaiswal N. Prevalence of hypertension among children and adolescents in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Pediatr. 2021;88(11):1107–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03686-9. Epub 2021 Apr 2 PMID: 33796994.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang L, Kelishadi R, Hong YM, Khadilkar A, Nawarycz T, Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska M, et al. Impact of the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guideline on hypertension prevalence compared with the fourth report in an international cohort. Hypertension. 2019;74(6):1343–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13807.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Bertazza Partigiani N, Spagnol R, Di Michele L, Santini M, Grotto B, Sartori A, et al. management of hypertensive crises in children: a review of the recent literature. Front Pediatr. 2022;15(10):880678. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.880678.PMID:35498798;PMCID:PMC9051430. A meta-analysis and systematic review of hypertensive crisis in pediatrics that reviews the most common etiologies and suggests that beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers are effective and safe in hypertensive crisis.

Article  Google Scholar 

Raina R, Mahajan Z, Sharma A, Chakraborty R, Mahajan S, Sethi SK, et al. Hypertensive crisis in pediatric patients: an overview. Front Pediatr. 2020;20(8):588911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.588911.PMID:33194923;PMCID:PMC7606848.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mattoo TK. Evaluation of hypertension in children and adolescents. In: UpToDate, Post, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2023.

Haseler E, Sinha MD. Hypertension in children and young adults. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022;69(6):1165–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.005. Epub 2022 Oct 29 PMID: 36880928.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bouhanick B, Sosner P, Brochard K, Mounier-Véhier C, Plu-Bureau G, Hascoet S, et al. Hypertension in children and adolescents: a position statement from a panel of multidisciplinary experts coordinated by the French Society of Hypertension. Front Pediatr. 2021;7(9):680803. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.680803.PMID:34307254;PMCID:PMC8292722.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chrysaidou K, Chainoglou A, Karava V, Dotis J, Printza N, Stabouli S. Secondary hypertension in children and adolescents: novel insights. Curr Hypertens Rev. 2020;16(1). https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402115666190416152820

Ba H, Peng H, Xu L, Qin Y, Wang H. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized pediatric patients with hypertensive crisis-a retrospective, single-center study in China. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;31(9):891804. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.891804.PMID:35711370;PMCID:PMC9193964.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mattoo TK. Epidemiology, risk factors, and etiology of hypertension in children and adolescents. In: UpToDate, Post, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2023.

Uspal NG, Halbach SM. Approach to hypertensive emergencies and urgencies in children. In: UpToDate, Post, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2023.

Kaelber DC, Localio AR, Ross M, Leon JB, Pace WD, Wasserman RC, et al. Persistent hypertension in children and adolescents: a 6-year cohort study. Pediatrics. 2020;146(4):e20193778. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-3778. Epub 2020 Sep 18. PMID: 32948657; PMCID: PMC7786824.

Stabouli S, Sideras L, Vareta G, Eustratiadou M, Printza N, Dotis J, et al. Hypertension screening during healthcare pediatric visits. J Hypertens. 2015;33(5):1064–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000505. PMID: 25668354.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shaw KN, Fleisher GR, Ludwig S, Genisca AE, Merritt C. Hypertension. In Fleisher & Ludwig’s textbook of pediatric emergency medicine (pp. 240–247). essay, Wolters Kluwer. 2021.

Mattoo TK. Definition and diagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents. In: UpToDate, Post, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2023.

Ashraf M, Irshad M, Parry NA. Pediatric hypertension: an updated review. Clin Hypertens. 2020;26(1):22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-020-00156-w.PMID:33292828;PMCID:PMC7706222.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoffman RJ, Wang VJ, Scarfone R, Godambe S, Nagler J. Hypertension, hypertensive crisis. In Fleisher & Ludwig’s 5-minute pediatric emergency medicine consult (pp. 446–447). essay, Wolters Kluwer. 2021.

Flynn JT. Initial management of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies in children. In: UpToDate, Post, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA, 2023.

Lim AM, Chong SL, Ng YH, Chan YH, Lee JH. Epidemiology and management of children with hypertensive crisis: a single-center experience. J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2020;9(1):45–50. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698759. Epub 2019 PMID:31984157; PMCID:PMC6978164.

• Lad S, Patil M, Jayashree M, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous labetalol in acute hypertensive crisis in children. Indian J Pediatr. 2022;89:7–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-021-03707-7. This article suggests that children admitted to an intensive care unit with hypertensive emergency who received labetalol either as single therapy or with another anti-hypertensive were more likely to reach their goal BP and had improved neurological outcomes.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif