1. Kanai, Y., Clemencon, B., Simonin, A., et al. The SLC1 High-Affinity Glutamate and Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Family. Mol. Aspects Med. 2013, 34, 108–120.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Freidman, N., Chen, I., Wu, Q., et al. Amino Acid Transporters and Exchangers from the SLC1A Family: Structure, Mechanism and Roles in Physiology and Cancer. Neurochem. Res. 2020, 45, 1268–1286.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. Kanai, Y., Hediger, M. A. The Glutamate/Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Family SLC1: Molecular, Physiological and Pharmacological Aspects. Pflugers Arch. 2004, 447, 469–479.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Todd, A. C., Hardingham, G. E. The Regulation of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9607.
Google Scholar | Crossref5. Malik, A. R., Willnow, T. E. Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters in Physiology and Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5671.
Google Scholar | Crossref6. Machtens, J. P., Kortzak, D., Lansche, C., et al. Mechanisms of Anion Conduction by Coupled Glutamate Transporters. Cell 2015, 160, 542–553.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Pavic, A., Holmes, A. O. M., Postis, V. L. G., et al. Glutamate Transporters: A Broad Review of the Most Recent Archaeal and Human Structures. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2019, 47, 1197–1207.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Hofmann, K., Duker, M., Fink, T., et al. Human Neutral Amino Acid Transporter ASCT1: Structure of the Gene (SLC1A4) and Localization to Chromosome 2p13-p15. Genomics 1994, 24, 20–26.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Damseh, N., Simonin, A., Jalas, C., et al. Mutations in SLC1A4, Encoding the Brain Serine Transporter, Are Associated with Developmental Delay, Microcephaly and Hypomyelination. J. Med. Genet. 2015, 52, 541–547.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Savas, B., Kerr, P. E., Pross, H. F. Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell Susceptibility and Adhesion Molecule Expression of Multidrug Resistant Breast Carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int. 2006, 6, 24.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Sille, F. C., Thomas, R., Smith, M. T., et al. Post-GWAS Functional Characterization of Susceptibility Variants for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. PLoS One 2012, 7, e29632.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. D’Aquila, P., Crocco, P., De Rango, F., et al. A Genetic Variant of ASCT2 Hampers In Vitro RNA Splicing and Correlates with Human Longevity. Rejuvenation Res. 2018, 21, 193–199.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Arriza, J. L., Kavanaugh, M. P., Fairman, W. A., et al. Cloning and Expression of a Human Neutral Amino Acid Transporter with Structural Similarity to the Glutamate Transporter Gene Family. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 15329–15332.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Kaplan, E., Zubedat, S., Radzishevsky, I., et al. ASCT1 (Slc1a4) Transporter Is a Physiologic Regulator of Brain d-Serine and Neurodevelopment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2018, 115, 9628–9633.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Yamamoto, T., Nishizaki, I., Furuya, S., et al. Characterization of Rapid and High-Affinity Uptake of l-Serine in Neurons and Astrocytes in Primary Culture. FEBS Lett. 2003, 548, 69–73.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Li, Y. X., Yang, J. Y., Alcantara, M., et al. Inhibitors of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporters ASCT1 and ASCT2 Are Effective in In Vivo Models of Schizophrenia and Visual Dysfunction. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2018, 367, 292–301.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Lee, N. Y., Kim, Y., Ryu, H., et al. The Alteration of Serine Transporter Activity in a Cell Line Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2017, 483, 135–141.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. El-Hattab, A. W. Serine Biosynthesis and Transport Defects. Mol. Genet. Metab. 2016, 118, 153–159.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Weiss, M. D., Derazi, S., Kilberg, M. S., et al. Ontogeny and Localization of the Neutral Amino Acid Transporter ASCT1 in Rat Brain. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 2001, 130, 183–190.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Yoo, H. C., Park, S. J., Nam, M., et al. A Variant of SLC1A5 Is a Mitochondrial Glutamine Transporter for Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells. Cell Metab. 2020, 31, 267–283.e12.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Scalise, M., Pochini, L., Console, L., et al. The Human SLC1A5 (ASCT2) Amino Acid Transporter: From Function to Structure and Role in Cell Biology. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2018, 6, 96.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Gyimesi, G., Hediger, M. A. Sequence Features of Mitochondrial Transporter Protein Families. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 1611.
Google Scholar | Crossref23. Poffenberger, M. C., Jones, R. G. Amino Acids Fuel T Cell-Mediated Inflammation. Immunity 2014, 40, 635–637.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Scalise, M., Pochini, L., Galluccio, M., et al. Glutamine Transport and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer Cell Growth. Front. Oncol. 2017, 7, 306.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Tetsuka, K., Takanaga, H., Ohtsuki, S., et al. The l-Isomer-Selective Transport of Aspartic Acid Is Mediated by ASCT2 at the Blood-Brain Barrier. J. Neurochem. 2003, 87, 891–901.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Scalise, M., Mazza, T., Pappacoda, G., et al. The Human SLC1A5 Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Catalyzes a pH-Dependent Glutamate/Glutamine Antiport, as Well. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2020, 8, 603.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Szeliga, M., Albrecht, J. Glutamine Metabolism in Gliomas. Adv. Neurobiol. 2016, 13, 259–273.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline28. Garaeva, A. A., Oostergetel, G. T., Gati, C., et al. Cryo-EM Structure of the Human Neutral Amino Acid Transporter ASCT2. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2018, 25, 515–521.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Yernool, D., Boudker, O., Jin, Y., et al. Structure of a Glutamate Transporter Homologue from Pyrococcus horikoshii. Nature 2004, 431, 811–818.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Guskov, A., Jensen, S., Faustino, I., et al. Coupled Binding Mechanism of Three Sodium Ions and Aspartate in the Glutamate Transporter Homologue GltTk. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 13420.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Scopelliti, A. J., Ryan, R. M., Vandenberg, R. J. Molecular Determinants for Functional Differences between Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 1 and Other Glutamate Transporter Family Members. J. Biol. Chem. 2013, 288, 8250–8257.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline32. Scopelliti, A. J., Font, J., Vandenberg, R. J., et al. Structural Characterisation Reveals Insights into Substrate Recognition by the Glutamine Transporter ASCT2/SLC1A5. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 38.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline33. Scalise, M., Pochini, L., Console, L., et al. Cys Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Human SLC1A5 (ASCT2) Transporter: Structure/Function Relationships and Crucial Role of Cys467 for Redox Sensing and Glutamine Transport. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 648.
Google Scholar | Crossref34. Canul-Tec, J. C., Assal, R., Cirri, E., et al. Structure and Allosteric Inhibition of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1. Nature 2017, 544, 446–451.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Yu, X., Plotnikova, O., Bonin, P. D., et al. Cryo-EM Structures of the Human Glutamine Transporter SLC1A5 (ASCT2) in the Outward-Facing Conformation. Elife 2019, 8, e48120.
Google Scholar | Crossref36. Garaeva, A. A., Guskov, A., Slotboom, D. J., et al. A One-Gate Elevator Mechanism for the Human Neutral Amino Acid Transporter ASCT2. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3427.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline37. Reyes, N., Ginter, C., Boudker, O. Transport Mechanism of a Bacterial Homologue of Glutamate Transporters. Nature 2009, 462, 880–885.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline38. DeChancie, J., Shrivastava, I. H., Bahar, I. The Mechanism of Substrate Release by the Aspartate Transporter GltPh: Insights from Simulations. Mol. Biosyst. 2011, 7, 832–842.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline39. Zomot, E., Bahar, I. Intracellular Gating in an Inward-Facing State of Aspartate Transporter Glt(Ph) Is Regulated by the Movements of the Helical Hairpin HP2. J. Biol. Chem. 2013, 288, 8231–8237.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline40. Jeschke, G. A Comparative Study of Structures and Structural Transitions of Secondary Transporters with the LeuT Fold. Eur. Biophys. J. 2013, 42, 181–197.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. Forrest, L. R., Rudnick, G. The Rocking Bundle: A Mechanism for Ion-Coupled Solute Flux by Symmetrical Transporters. Physiology (Bethesda) 2009, 24, 377–386.
Google Scholar | Medline42. Kekuda, R., Prasad, P. D., Fei, Y. J., et al. Cloning of the Sodium-Dependent, Broad-Scope, Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Bo from a Human Placental Choriocarcinoma Cell Line. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 18657–18661.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline43. Utsunomiya-Tate, N., Endou, H., Kanai, Y. Cloning and Functional Characterization of a System ASC-Like Na+-Dependent Neutral Amino Acid Transporter. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 14883–14890.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline44. Torres-Zamorano, V., Leibach, F. H., Ganapathy, V. Sodium-Dependent Homo- and Hetero-Exchange of Neutral Amino Acids Mediated by the Amino Acid Transporter ATB Degree. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998, 245, 824–829.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline45. Broer, A., Brookes, N., Ganapathy, V., et al. The Astroglial ASCT2 Amino Acid Transporter as a Mediator of Glutamine Efflux. J. Neurochem. 1999, 73, 2184–2194.
Google Scholar | Medline46. Tamarappoo, B. K., McDonald, K. K., Kilberg, M. S. Expressed Human Hippocampal ASCT1 Amino Acid Transporter Exhibits a pH-Dependent Change in Substrate Specificity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1996, 1279, 131–136.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline47. Zerangue, N., Kavanaugh, M. P. ASCT-1 Is a Neutral Amino Acid Exchanger with Chloride Channel Activity. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 27991–27994.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline48. Oppedisano, F., Pochini, L., Galluccio, M., et al. Reconstitution into Liposomes of the Glutamine/Amino Acid Transporter from Renal Cell Plasma Membrane: Functional Characterization, Kinetics and Activation by Nucleotides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2004, 1667, 122–131.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline49. Pingitore, P., Pochini, L., Scalise, M., et al. Large Scale Production of the Active Human ASCT2 (SLC1A5) Transporter in Pichia pastoris—Functional and Kinetic Asymmetry Revealed in Proteoliposomes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2013, 1828, 2238–2246.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline50. Scalise, M., Pochini, L., Panni, S., et al. Transport Mechanism and Regulatory Properties of the Human Amino Acid Transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5). Amino Acids 2014, 46, 2463–2475.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline51. Scalise, M., Pochini, L., Pingitore, P., et al. Cysteine Is Not a Substrate but a Specific Modulator of Human ASCT2 (SLC1A5) Transporter. FEBS Lett. 2015, 589, 3617–3623.