Patel N, Barbieri A, Gibson J (2019) Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Surg Pathol Clin 12(4):1021–1044
Gustafsson BI, Kidd M, Modlin IM (2008) Neuroendocrine tumors of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Curr Opin Oncol 20(1):1–12
Massironi S, Sciola V, Peracchi M, Ciafardini C, Spampatti MP, Conte D (2008) Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastro-entero-pancreatic system. World J Gastroenterol 14(35):5377–5384
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Manneh Kopp R, Espinosa-Olarte P, Alonso-Gordoa T (2022) Diagnosis in neuroendocrine neoplasms: from Molecular Biology to Molecular Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 14(10):2514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102514
Vocino Trucco G, Volante M (2024) Changes in categorization or nomenclature within neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 31(8):e240004. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-24-0004
Dasari A, Shen C, Halperin D, Zhao B, Zhou S, Xu Y et al (2017) Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States. JAMA Oncol 3(10):1335–1342
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kos-Kudła B, Castaño JP, Denecke T, Grande E, Kjaer A, Koumarianou A et al (2023) European neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. J Neuroendocrinol 35(12):e13343. https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13343
Hofland J, Falconi M, Christ E, Castaño JP, Faggiano A, Lamarca A et al (2023) European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society 2023 guidance paper for functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour syndromes. J Neuroendocrinol 35(8):e13318
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Panzuto F, Ramage J, Pritchard DM, van Velthuysen MF, Schrader J, Begum N et al (2023) European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for gastroduodenal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) G1-G3. J Neuroendocrinol 35(8):e13306. https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.1330
Rinke A, Ambrosini V, Dromain C, Garcia-Carbonero R, Haji A, Koumarianou A et al (2023) European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for colorectal neuroendocrine tumours. J Neuroendocrinol 35(6):e13309
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kaltsas G, Walter T, Knigge U, Toumpanakis C, Santos AP, Begum N et al (2023) European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (aNET). J Neuroendocrinol 35(10):e13332
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sultana Q, Kar J, Verma A, Sanghvi S, Kaka N, Patel N et al (2023) A Comprehensive Review on Neuroendocrine neoplasms: Presentation, Pathophysiology and Management. J Clin Med 12(15):5138. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155138
Kidd M, Modlin I, Öberg K (2016) Towards a new classification of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 13(11):691–705
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pasaoglu E, Dursun N, Ozyalvacli G, Hacihasanoglu E, Behzatoglu K, Calay O (2015) Ann Diagn Pathol 19(2):81–87Comparison of World Health Organization 2000/2004 and World Health Organization 2010 classifications for gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Nagtegaal ID, Odze RD, Klimstra D, Paradis V, Rugge M, Schirmacher P et al (2020) The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. Histopathology 76(2):182–188
Houpt JA, Liu E, Wang H, Cecchini MJ, Ling C, Zhang Q (2024) Determination of Ki-67 indices in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract: the past, the present, and the future. Virchows Arch. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-024-03963-w
Vanoli A (2023) The spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasia: a practical Approach to diagnosis, classification and therapy by Sylvia L. Asa, Stefano La Rosa, Ozgur Mete. Endocr Pathol 34(3):361–362
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Buchstab O, Knösel T, [Current, WHO classification (2022) of neuroendocrine neoplasms]. Radiologie (Heidelb). 2024;64(7):531-5
Rindi G, Mete O, Uccella S, Basturk O, La Rosa S, Brosens LAA et al (2022) Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocr Pathol 33(1):115–154
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Choe J, Kim KW, Kim HJ, Kim DW, Kim KP, Hong SM et al (2019) What is New in the 2017 World Health Organization Classification and 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms? Korean J Radiol 20(1):5–17
Panzuto F, Nasoni S, Falconi M, Corleto VD, Capurso G, Cassetta S et al (2005) Prognostic factors and survival in endocrine tumor patients: comparison between gastrointestinal and pancreatic localization. Endocr Relat Cancer 12(4):1083–1092
Zappi A, Persano I, Galvani L, Parlagreco E, Andrini E, Campana D et al (2023) Chemotherapy in well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) G1, G2, and G3: a narrative review. J Clin Med 12(2):717. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020717
Joseph NM, Umetsu SE, Kim GE, Terry M, Perry A, Bergsland E et al (2024) Progression of low-Grade neuroendocrine tumors (NET) to high-Grade neoplasms harboring the NEC-Like co-alteration of RB1 and TP53. Endocr Pathol 35(4):325–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-024-09835-y
Yuan B, Shi Y, Li Y, Tan H, Jiao P, Su W et al (2021) Ki-67 index of 5% could better predict the clinical prognosis of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Jpn J Clin Oncol 51(12):1708–1714
Gill AJ (2021) Why did they change that? Practical implications of the evolving classification of neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Histopathology 78(1):162–170
Shi M, Fan Z, Xu J, Yang J, Li Y, Gao C et al (2021) Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms G3: novel insights and unmet needs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1876(2):188637
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Basturk O, Yang Z, Tang LH, Hruban RH, Adsay V, McCall CM et al (2015) The high-grade (WHO G3) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor category is morphologically and biologically heterogenous and includes both well differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 39(5):683–690
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mohamed A, Trybula M, Asa SL, Halfdanarson TR, Sonbol MB (2024) Management of advanced high grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs): comprehensive review of the current literature. Endocr Relat Cancer 31(10):e240025. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-24-0025
Shi H, Chen L, Meng L, Zhang Q, Lin Y, Lin R et al (2020) The role of Ki-67 index cut-off of 55% and differentiation in redefining NET and NEC for Grade 3 gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Gastrointest Surg 24(10):2302–2305
Eren OC, Bagci P, Balci S, Ohike N, Saka B, Sokmensuer C et al (2024) Subgrading of G2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors as 2A (Ki67 3% to < 10%) versus 2B (10% to ≤ 20%) identifies behaviorally distinct subsets in keeping with the Evolving Management Protocols. Ann Surg Oncol 31(10):7001–7011
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pavel M, Öberg K, Falconi M, Krenning EP, Sundin A, Perren A et al (2020) Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: ESMO Clinical Practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 31(7):844–860
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Taskin OC, Clarke CN, Erkan M, Tsai S, Evans DB, Adsay V (2020) Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: current state and ongoing controversies on terminology, classification and prognostication. J Gastrointest Oncol 11(3):548–558
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Panzuto F, Boninsegna L, Fazio N, Campana D, Pia Brizzi M, Capurso G et al (2011) Metastatic and locally advanced pancreatic endocrine carcinomas: analysis of factors associated with disease progression. J Clin Oncol 29(17):2372–2377
Kim DW, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Byun JH, Song KB, Kim JH et al (2015) Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas at dynamic enhanced CT: comparison between grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma and grade 1/2 neuroendocrine tumour. Eur Radiol 25(5):1375–1383
Gao H, Zhang W, Li Z, Liu W, Liu M, Zhuo Q et al (2024) Distinctive grade based on Ki67 index and immune microenvironment of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors responding to capecitabine plus temozolomide. BMC Cancer 24(1):1362
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Foltyn W, Zajęcki W, Marek B, Kajdaniuk D, Siemińska L, Zemczak A et al (2012) The value of the Ki-67 proliferation marker as a prognostic factor in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endokrynol Pol 63(5):362–366
Boyar Cetinkaya R, Vatn M, Aabakken L, Bergestuen DS, Thiis-Evensen E (2014) Survival and prognostic factors in well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Scand J Gastroenterol 49(6):734–741
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Trikalinos NA, Chatterjee D, Lee J, Liu J, Williams G, Hawkins W et al (2020) Accuracy of Grading in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and Effect on Survival estimates: an institutional experience. Ann Surg Oncol 27(9):3542–3550
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shi H, Chen L, Zhang Q, Lin Y, Jiang C, Yao H et al (2020) Concordance between the Ki-67 Index Cutoff Value of 55% and differentiation in neuroendocrine tumor and neuroendocrine carcinoma in Grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Pancreas 49(10):1378–1382
留言 (0)