Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the data nurses, the local investigators and their teams for monitoring the participants, collecting the data and completing the case reporting files. We would also like to thank R. Carette and S. Getteman (KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium) for their help in gathering and processing data from the study. Parts of this study were presented at the 17th International Conference On Advanced Technologies & Treatments For Diabetes, 6–9 March 2024 in Florence, Italy and at the 60th International Conference On European Association for the Study of Diabetes, 9–13 September 2024 in Madrid, Spain.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

This work was supported by a research grant from Tandem Diabetes Care and Dexcom.

Authors’ relationships and activities

JDM received research support from Tandem Diabetes Care and Dexcom via KU Leuven. JDM serves or has served on the speakers bureau for Dexcom; financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. CDB reports consulting fees and honoraria for speaking for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Insulet, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk and Roche. LVH reports consulting fees and honoraria for speaking for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis and Roche. YT reports honoraria for speaking for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo and Bayer. KS reports consulting fees and honoraria for speaking for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic and Merck Sharp and Dohme. GV serves, or has served, on the advisory panel for Merck Sharp and Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly. GV reports consulting fees and honoraria for speaking for Merck Sharp and Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly. CV reports honoraria for speaking for Eli Lilly. IMC reports honoraria for speaking for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi and Abbott. IMC serves, or has served, on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi and Abbott. VP reports consulting fees and honoraria for speaking for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Abbott. SC received research support from Roche Diabetes Care, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi via KU Leuven. CM serves or has served on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Eli Lilly, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Medtronic, ActoBio Therapeutics, Pfizer, Imcyse, Insulet, Zealand Pharma, Avotres, Mannkind, Sandoz and Vertex. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven; KU Leuven has received research support for CM from Medtronic, Imcyse, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and ActoBio Therapeutics; CM serves or has served on the speakers bureau for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca and Novartis. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. CM is president of EASD. All external support of EASD is to be found on www.easd.org. PG serves or has served on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Medtronic, Abbott and Bayer. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. PG serves or has served on the speakers bureau for Merck Sharp and Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Medtronic, Insulet, Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Roche, VitalAire and Dexcom. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. KU Leuven received for PG non-financial support for travel from Sanofi-Aventis, A. Menarini Diagnostics, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic and Roche.

Contribution statement

JDM designed the study, collected and analysed the data, performed statistical analyses, wrote the manuscript and made figures and tables. BK, CDB, LVH, YT, DB, KS, BL, GV, IL, CV, IMC, VP and SC collected and discussed the data and edited the manuscript. SF provided statistical advice and edited the manuscript. CM and PG designed the study, analysed and discussed the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the final version to be published. JDM and PG are guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.