Rodriguez-Otero P, Ailawadhi S, Arnulf B, Patel K, Cavo M, Nooka AK, et al. Ide-cel or standard regimens in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1002–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

San-Miguel J, Dhakal B, Yong K, Spencer A, Anguille S, Mateos MV, et al. Cilta-cel or Standard Care in Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:335–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Munshi NC, Anderson LD Jr, Shah N, Madduri D, Berdeja J, Lonial S, et al. Idecabtagene vicleucel in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:705–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berdeja JG, Madduri D, Usmani SZ, Jakubowiak A, Agha M, Cohen AD, et al. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): a phase 1b/2 open-label study. Lancet. 2021;398:314–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moreau P, Garfall AL, van de Donk N, Nahi H, San-Miguel JF, Oriol A, et al. Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:495–505.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lesokhin AM, Tomasson MH, Arnulf B, Bahlis NJ, Miles Prince H, Niesvizky R, et al. Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results. Nat Med. 2023;29:2259–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chari A, Minnema MC, Berdeja JG, Oriol A, van de Donk N, Rodriguez-Otero P, et al. Talquetamab, a T-Cell-Redirecting GPRC5D Bispecific Antibody for Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:2232–44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin Y, Qiu L, Usmani S, Joo CW, Costa L, Derman B, et al. Consensus guidelines and recommendations for the management and response assessment of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in clinical practice for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: a report from the International Myeloma Working Group Immunotherapy Committee. Lancet Oncol 2024;25:e374–87.

Rodriguez-Otero P, Usmani S, Cohen AD, van de Donk N, Leleu X, Gallego Perez-Larraya J, et al. International Myeloma Working Group immunotherapy committee consensus guidelines and recommendations for optimal use of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2024;25:e205–e216.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yi L, Thomas GM, Usmani, SZ, Jesus GB, Jakubowiak, AJ, Agha, ME, et al. CARTITUDE-1 final results: Phase 1b/2 study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:809.

Mateos MV, San Miguel J, Dhakal B, Touzeau C, Leleu X, Van de Donk NW, et al. Overall Survival (OS) With Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (Cilta-cel) Versus Standard of Care (SoC) in Lenalidomide (Len)-Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM): Phase 3 CARTITUDE-4 Study Update. Int Myeloma Soc; 2024; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2024.

Ravi G, Costa LJ. Bispecific T-cell engagers for treatment of multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol. 2023;98:S13–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garfall AL, Nooka AK, van de Donk N, Moreau P, Bhutani M, Oriol A. Long-term follow-up from the phase 1/2 MajesTEC-1 trial of teclistamab in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42:7540.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mohty M, Iida S, Bahlis NJ, Sullivan S, Conte U, Leip E Abstract P932: Long-term survival after elranatamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): MagnetisMM-3. European Hematology Association. Madrid, Spain; 2024.

Raje N, Anderson K, Einsele H, Efebera Y, Gay F, Hammond SP, et al. Monitoring, prophylaxis, and treatment of infections in patients with MM receiving bispecific antibody therapy: consensus recommendations from an expert panel. Blood Cancer J. 2023;13:116.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mohan M, Chakraborty R, Bal S, Nellore A, Baljevic M, D’Souza A, et al. Recommendations on prevention of infections during chimeric antigen receptor T-cell and bispecific antibody therapy in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2023;203:736–46.

Ludwig H, Terpos E, van de Donk N, Mateos MV, Moreau P, Dimopoulos MA, et al. Prevention and management of adverse events during treatment with bispecific antibodies and CAR T cells in multiple myeloma: a consensus report of the European Myeloma Network. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24:e255–e269.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schinke CD, Touzeau C, Minnema MC, van de Donk NWCJ, Rodríguez-Otero P, Mateos M-V, et al. Pivotal phase 2 MonumenTAL-1 results of talquetamab (tal), a GPRC5DxCD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb), for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:8036–8036.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rasche L, Schinke C, Touzeau C, Minnema M, van de Donk N, Rodriguez-Otero P, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety results from the phase 1/2 monumental-1 study of talquetamab, a GPRC5DxCD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple Myeloma. Hemasphere. 2024;8:e104.

Google Scholar 

Mailankody S, Devlin SM, Landa J, Nath K, Diamonte C, Carstens EJ, et al. GPRC5D-targeted CAR T cells for myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2022;387:1196–206.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xia J, Li H, Yan Z, Zhou D, Wang Y, Qi Y, et al. Anti-G protein-coupled receptor, Class C Group 5 Member D Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a single-arm, phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:2583–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bal S, Htut M, Nadeem O, Anderson LD Jr, Koçoğlu H, Gregory T, et al. BMS-986393 (CC-95266), a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Class C Group 5 Member D (GPRC5D)-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM): Updated Results from a Phase 1 Study. Blood. 2023;142:219.

Article  Google Scholar 

Qiang W, Lu J, Jia Y, Liu J, Liu J, He H, et al. B-Cell Maturation Antigen/CD19 dual-targeting immunotherapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. JAMA Oncol. 2024;10:1259–63.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou D, Sun Q, Xia J, Gu W, Qian J, Zhuang W, et al. Anti-BCMA/GPRC5D bispecific CAR T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 1 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2024;11:e751–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mailankody S, Matous JV, Chhabra S, Liedtke M, Sidana S, Oluwole OO, et al. Allogeneic BCMA-targeting CAR T cells in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: phase 1 UNIVERSAL trial interim results. Nat Med. 2023;29:422–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dholaria B, Kocoglu MH, Andrew K, Ramakrishnan A, Shune L, Ganguly S, et al. A Phase 1 Study of P‐BCMA‐ ALLO1, a Non‐viral, Allogeneic BCMA Directed CAR‐T in Relapsed/ Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM). Int Myeloma Soc, 2024; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2024.

Trudel S, Cohen AD, Krishnan AY, Fonseca R, Spencer A, Berdeja JG, et al. Cevostamab monotherapy continues to show clinically meaningful activity and manageable safety in patients with heavily pre-treated relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): Updated results from an ongoing phase I study. Blood. 2021;138:157.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lonial S, Lee HC, Badros A, Trudel S, Nooka AK, Chari A, et al. Belantamab mafodotin for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (DREAMM-2): a two-arm, randomised, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:207–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dimopoulos MA, Hungria VTM, Radinoff A, Delimpasi S, Mikala G, Masszi T, et al. Efficacy and safety of single-agent belantamab mafodotin versus pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (DREAMM-3): a phase 3, open-label, randomised study. Lancet Haematol. 2023;10:e801–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hungria V, Robak P, Hus M, Zherebtsova V, Ward C, Ho PJ, et al. Belantamab mafodotin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N. Engl J Med. 2024;391:393–407.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dimopoulos MA, Beksac M, Pour L, Delimpasi S, Vorobyev V, Quach H, et al. Belantamab Mafodotin, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Multiple Myeloma. N. Engl J Med. 2024;391:408–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Works M, Soni N, Hauskins C, Sierra C, Baturevych A, Jones JA. Lenalidomide Enhances Anti-BCMA Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Function Against Multiple Myeloma. Blood. 2017;130:1794.

Google Scholar 

Zhao J, Yang H, Ge J, Li L, Yao Q, He S, et al. Pomalidomide improves the effectiveness of CAR-T treatment in the relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma or B-cell leukemia/lymphoma with extramedullary disease. Blood Sci. 2024;6:e00184.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cho SF, Lin L, Xing L, Li Y, Wen K, Yu T, et al. The immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide enhance the potency of AMG 701 in multiple myeloma preclinical models. Blood Adv. 2020;4:4195–207.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meermeier EW, Welsh SJ, Sharik ME, Du MT, Garbitt VM, Riggs DL, et al. Tumor burden limits bispecific antibody efficacy through T cell exhaustion averted by concurrent cytotoxic therapy. Blood Cancer Discov. 2021;2:354–69.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar