Bonnet D, Dick JE. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med. 1997;3:730–7.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, Murdoch B, Hoang T, Caceres-Cortes J, et al. A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature. 1994;367:645–8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chiu PP, Jiang H, Dick JE. Leukemia-initiating cells in human T-lymphoblastic leukemia exhibit glucocorticoid resistance. Blood. 2010;116:5268–79.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Morisot S, Wayne AS, Bohana-Kashtan O, Kaplan IM, Gocke CD, Hildreth R, et al. High frequencies of leukemia stem cells in poor-outcome childhood precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Leukemia. 2010;24:1859–66.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kamel AM, Elsharkawy NM, Kandeel EZ, Hanafi M, Samra M, Osman RA. Leukemia stem cell frequency at diagnosis correlates with measurable/minimal residual disease and impacts survival in adult acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol. 2022;12:867684.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mullighan CG, Phillips LA, Su X, Ma J, Miller CB, Shurtleff SA, et al. Genomic analysis of the clonal origins of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Science. 2008;322:1377–80.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Klco JM, Miller CA, Griffith M, Petti A, Spencer DH, Ketkar-Kulkarni S, et al. Association between mutation clearance after induction therapy and outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia. JAMA. 2015;314:811–22.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tremblay CS, Curtis DJ. The clonal evolution of leukemic stem cells in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol. 2014;21:320–5.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Whiteley AE, Price TT, Cantelli G, Sipkins DA. Leukaemia: a model metastatic disease. Nat Rev Cancer. 2021;21:461–75.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pallares V, Unzueta U, Falgas A, Sanchez-Garcia L, Serna N, Gallardo A, et al. An Auristatin nanoconjugate targeting CXCR4+ leukemic cells blocks acute myeloid leukemia dissemination. J Hematol Oncol. 2020;13:36.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Krenn PW, Koschmieder S, Fassler R. Kindlin-3 loss curbs chronic myeloid leukemia in mice by mobilizing leukemic stem cells from protective bone marrow niches. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117:24326–35.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zeijlemaker W, Grob T, Meijer R, Hanekamp D, Kelder A, Carbaat-Ham JC, et al. CD34(+)CD38(-) leukemic stem cell frequency to predict outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2019;33:1102–12.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ebinger S, Ozdemir EZ, Ziegenhain C, Tiedt S, Castro Alves C, Grunert M, et al. Characterization of rare, dormant, and therapy-resistant cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer cell. 2016;30:849–62.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yan F, Wong NC, Powell DR, Curtis DJ. A 9-gene score for risk stratification in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2020;34:3070–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cox CV, Martin HM, Kearns PR, Virgo P, Evely RS, Blair A. Characterization of a progenitor cell population in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2007;109:674–82.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gerby B, Clappier E, Armstrong F, Deswarte C, Calvo J, Poglio S, et al. Expression of CD34 and CD7 on human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia discriminates functionally heterogeneous cell populations. Leukemia. 2011;25:1249–58.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Perry JM, Tao F, Roy A, Lin T, He XC, Chen S, et al. Overcoming Wnt-beta-catenin dependent anticancer therapy resistance in leukaemia stem cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2020;22:689–700.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li K, Du Y, Cai Y, Liu W, Lv Y, Huang B, et al. Single-cell analysis reveals the chemotherapy-induced cellular reprogramming and novel therapeutic targets in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2023;37:308–25.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Easton J, Shao Y, Maciaszek J, Wang Z, Wilkinson MR, et al. The genomic landscape of pediatric and young adult T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet. 2017;49:1211–18.

Jain N, Lamb AV, O’Brien S, Ravandi F, Konopleva M, Jabbour E, et al. Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ETP-ALL/LBL) in adolescents and adults: a high-risk subtype. Blood. 2016;127:1863–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Coustan-Smith E, Mullighan CG, Onciu M, Behm FG, Raimondi SC, Pei D, et al. Early T-cell precursor leukaemia: a subtype of very high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:147–56.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dai YT, Zhang F, Fang H, Li JF, Lu G, Jiang L, et al. Transcriptome-wide subtyping of pediatric and adult T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an international study of 707 cases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2022;119:e2120787119.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gianni F, Belver L, Ferrando A. The genetics and mechanisms of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020;10:a035246.

Tremblay CS, Saw J, Chiu SK, Wong NC, Tsyganov K, Ghotb S, et al. Restricted cell cycle is essential for clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance of pre-leukemic stem cells. Nat Commun. 2018;9:3535.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McCormack MP, Young LF, Vasudevan S, de Graaf CA, Codrington R, Rabbitts TH, et al. The Lmo2 oncogene initiates leukemia in mice by inducing thymocyte self-renewal. Science. 2010;327:879–83.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tremblay CS, Brown FC, Collett M, Saw J, Chiu SK, Sonderegger SE, et al. Loss-of-function mutations of Dynamin 2 promote T-ALL by enhancing IL-7 signalling. Leukemia. 2016;30:1993–2001.

Tremblay CS, Saw J, Boyle JA, Haigh K, Litalien V, McCalmont HR, et al. STAT5 activation promotes progression and chemotherapy-resistance in early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2023;142:274–89.

O’Connor KW, Kishimoto K, Kuzma IO, Wagner KP, Selway JS, Roderick JE, et al. The role of quiescent thymic progenitors in TAL/LMO2-induced T-ALL chemotolerance. Leukemia 2024;38:951–62.

Tremblay CS, Chiu SK, Saw J, McCalmont H, Litalien V, Boyle J, et al. Small molecule inhibition of Dynamin-dependent endocytosis targets multiple niche signals and impairs leukemia stem cells. Nat Commun. 2020;11:6211.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tremblay M, Tremblay CS, Herblot S, Aplan PD, Hebert J, Perreault C, et al. Modeling T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia induced by the SCL and LMO1 oncogenes. Genes Dev. 2010;24:1093–105.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Batlle E, Clevers H. Cancer stem cells revisited. Nat Med. 2017;23:1124–34.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nakasone ES, Askautrud HA, Kees T, Park JH, Plaks V, Ewald AJ, et al. Imaging tumor-stroma interactions during chemotherapy reveals contributions of the microenvironment to resistance. Cancer cell. 2012;21:488–503.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Ding L, Holmfeldt L, Wu G, Heatley SL, Payne-Turner D, et al. The genetic basis of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nature. 2012;481:157–63.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central