Front. Immunol.

Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy

Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1510069

Provisionally accepted

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

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Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, highly aggressive, and has a very poor prognosis, with overall survival typically not exceeding one year. Standard treatment is generally based on the regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with guidelines recommending etoposide combined with cisplatin (EP regimen) as the first-line treatment. However, the therapeutic effect is limited. For primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate that has failed EP regimen treatment, there is currently lack of relevant treatment methods. Here, we report a case with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate with multiple metastases, whose disease rapidly progressed despite receiving EP and second line systemic chemotherapy. Then he was given combination therapy of anlotinib and tislelizumab. After treatment, the patient's symptoms were controlled, tumor markers decreased, and imaging showed significant improvement. The patient has a progression-free survival time of more than 22 months and continues to receive treatment. This case is the first report that use of anlotinib combined with tislelizumab for the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate, providing a new therapeutic possibility for patients with this disease.

Keywords: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, NEPC, case report, Anlotinib, tislelizumab, prostate cancer

Received: 12 Oct 2024; Accepted: 02 Dec 2024.

Copyright: © 2024 . This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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