Zhao H, Wu L, Yan G, Chen Y, Zhou M, Wu Y, et al. Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6:263.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Medzhitov R. Inflammation 2010: new adventures of an old flame. Cell. 2010;140:771–6.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

M F, J G, M W, J Z, Y C, P J, et al. Emerging roles of tRNA-derived fragments in cancer. Mol Cancer [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jan 24];22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36782290/

Chen Q, Zhang X, Shi J, Yan M, Zhou T. Origins and evolving functionalities of tRNA-derived small RNAs. Trends Biochem Sci. 2021;46:790–804.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nunes A, Ribeiro DR, Marques M, Santos MAS, Ribeiro D, Soares AR. Emerging roles of tRNAs in RNA virus infections. Trends Biochem Sci. 2020;45:794–805.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li Z, Stanton BA. Transfer RNA-Derived fragments, the Underappreciated Regulatory small RNAs in Microbial Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:687632.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koeppen K, Hampton TH, Jarek M, Scharfe M, Gerber SA, Mielcarz DW, et al. A novel mechanism of Host-Pathogen Interaction through sRNA in bacterial outer membrane vesicles. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12:e1005672.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang H, Zhang Y, Song Z, Li R, Ruan H, Liu Q, et al. sncRNAs packaged by Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles attenuate IL-8 secretion in human cells. Int J Med Microbiol IJMM. 2020;310:151356.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhou J, Liu S, Chen Y, Fu Y, Silver AJ, Hill MS, et al. Identification of two novel functional tRNA-derived fragments induced in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Gen Virol. 2017;98:1600–10.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Garcia-Silva MR, Cabrera-Cabrera F, das Neves RFC, Souto-Padrón T, de Souza W, Cayota A. Gene expression changes induced by Trypanosoma Cruzi shed microvesicles in mammalian host cells: relevance of tRNA-derived halves. BioMed Res Int. 2014;2014:305239.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu J, He S, Song Z, Chen S, Lin X, Sun H, et al. Macrophage polarization states in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1185587.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jiang Y, Xu X, Xiao L, Wang L, Qiang S. The role of microRNA in the inflammatory response of Wound Healing. Front Immunol. 2022;13:852419.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dou R, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang P, Yan B. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomal tsRNA-21109 alleviate systemic lupus erythematosus by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization. Mol Immunol. 2021;139:106–14.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shen L, Liao T, Chen Q, Lei Y, Wang L, Gu H, et al. tRNA-derived small RNA, 5’tiRNA-Gly-CCC, promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through the inflammatory response. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14:1033–45.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Hu Z. tRNA derived fragment tsRNA-14783 promotes M2 polarization of macrophages in keloid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022;636:119–27.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pober JS, Sessa WC. Evolving functions of endothelial cells in inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:803–15.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jiang Q, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Yao M-D, Zhu Y, Zhang Q-Y, et al. tRNA-derived fragment tRF-1001: a novel anti-angiogenic factor in pathological ocular angiogenesis. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2022;30:407–20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

C L et al. M L, Y S, X H, R W, Y W,. Targeting choroidal vasculopathy via up-regulation of tRNA-derived fragment tRF-22 expression for controlling progression of myopia. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jan 24];21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37355654/

Li Q, Hu B, Hu G-W, Chen C-Y, Niu X, Liu J, et al. tRNA-Derived small non-coding RNAs in response to Ischemia Inhibit Angiogenesis. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20850.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

R H, J S, J L, X L, J W, L Z, et al. PANDORA-Seq unveils the hidden small noncoding RNA landscape in atherosclerosis of LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Lipid Res [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jan 24];64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36871792/

Goswami R, Awasthi A, Editorial. T cell differentiation and function in tissue inflammation. Front Immunol. 2020;11:289.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li S, Xu Z, Sheng J. tRNA-Derived small RNA: a Novel Regulatory Small non-coding RNA. Genes. 2018;9:246.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shan N, Li N, Dai Q, Hou L, Yan X, Amei A, et al. Interplay of tRNA-Derived fragments and T cell activation in breast Cancer patient survival. Cancers. 2020;12:2230.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chiou N-T, Kageyama R, Ansel KM. Selective export into Extracellular vesicles and function of tRNA fragments during T cell activation. Cell Rep. 2018;25:3356–e33704.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

I T. P M. The role of B cells and their interactions with stromal cells in the context of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jan 24];21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35417796/

Maute RL, Schneider C, Sumazin P, Holmes A, Califano A, Basso K, et al. tRNA-derived microRNA modulates proliferation and the DNA damage response and is down-regulated in B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:1404–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Veneziano D, Tomasello L, Balatti V, Palamarchuk A, Rassenti LZ, Kipps TJ, et al. Dysregulation of different classes of tRNA fragments in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116:24252–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mo X, Du S, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang C, et al. Lactate induces production of the tRNAHis Half to Promote B-lymphoblastic cell proliferation. Mol Ther J Am Soc Gene Ther. 2020;28:2442–57.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sarais F, Perdomo-Sabogal A, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S, tiRNAs. Insights into their Biogenesis, functions, and future applications in Livestock Research. Non-Coding RNA. 2022;8:37.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Park J, Ahn SH, Shin MG, Kim HK, Chang S. tRNA-Derived small RNAs: novel epigenetic regulators. Cancers. 2020;12:2773.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lu S, Wei X, Tao L, Dong D, Hu W, Zhang Q, et al. A novel tRNA-derived fragment tRF-3022b modulates cell apoptosis and M2 macrophage polarization via binding to cytokines in colorectal cancer. J Hematol OncolJ Hematol Oncol. 2022;15:176.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

G G, H W, W X, Z L, J C, Z D, et al. tRNA derived fragment (tRF)-3009 participates in modulation of IFN-α-induced CD4 + T cell oxidative phosphorylation in lupus patients. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Jan 26];19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34256772/

J P, Z L, B S, J X, G D, W X, et al. tsRNA-04002 alleviates intervertebral disk degeneration by targeting PRKCA to inhibit apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells. J Orthop Surg [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jan 24];18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37287061/

Ja G, My A, Hc B, Tm H. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) regulate post-transcriptional gene expression via AGO-dependent mechanism in IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Jan 24];28.