Atanasov AG, Zotchev SB, Dirsch VM, International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce, Supuran CT. Natural products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2021;20:200–16.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. J Nat Prod. 2020;83:770–803.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (Edition 2020). Volume I. Beijing: China Medical Science Press; 2020.

Google Scholar 

Mei YQ, Li L, Fan LH, Fan WX, Liu LC, Zhang FL, et al. The history, stereochemistry, ethnopharmacology and quality assessment of borneol. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023;300:115697.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (Edition 2020). Volume I. Beijing: China Medical Science Press; 2020. p152.

Google Scholar 

Liu SY, Long Y, Yu S, Zhang DK, Yang QY, Ci ZM, et al. Borneol in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Pharmacol Res. 2021;169:105627.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang YF, Li ZR, Liu BX, Wu RM, Gong HF, Su ZH, et al. Isoborneol attenuates low-density lipoprotein accumulation and foam cell formation in macrophages. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020;14:167–73.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cheng C, Liu XW, Du FF, Li MJ, Xu F, Wang FQ, et al. Sensitive assay for measurement of volatile borneol, isoborneol, and the metabolite camphor in rat pharmacokinetic study of Borneolum (Bingpian) and Borneolum syntheticum (synthetic Bingpian). Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013;34:1337–48.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hou MZ, Chen LL, Chang C, Zan JF, Du SM. Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of eight volatile constituents in rats orally administrated with the essential oil of Artemisiae argyi Folium by GC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B. 2021;1181:122904.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ren J, Hu CL, Zhang ZP, Chen R, Yang SB, Miao ZY, et al. Development and validation an LC-MS/MS method to quantify (+)-borneol in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B. 2019;1109:121–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhong CC, Chen F, Yang JL, Jia WW, Cheng C, Du FF, et al. Pharmacokinetics and disposition of anlotinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in experimental animal species. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018;39:1048–63.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang NT, Cheng C, Olaleye OE, Sun Y, Li L, Huang YH, et al. Pharmacokinetics-based identification of potential therapeutic phthalides from XueBiJing, a Chinese herbal injection used in sepsis management. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018;46:823–34.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Diao XX, Deng P, Xie C, Li XL, Zhong DF, Zhang YF, et al. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in humans: the role of cytochrome P450s and alcohol dehydrogenase in biotransformation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013;41:430–44.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lan XF, Olajide OE, Du FF, Yang JL, Shi YH, Yang W, et al. Pharmacokinetics-based identification of pseudoaldosterogenic compounds originating from Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots (Gancao) after dosing LianhuaQingwen capsule. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021;42:2155–72.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dong JJ, Olaleye OE, Jiang RR, Li J, Lu C, Du FF, et al. Glycyrrhizin has a high likelihood to be a victim of drug-drug interactions mediated by hepatic OATP1B1/1B3. Br J Pharmacol. 2018;175:3486–503.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jia WW, Du FF, Liu XW, Jiang RR, Xu F, Yang JL, et al. Renal tubular secretion of tanshinol: molecular mechanisms, impact on its systemic exposure, and propensity for dose-related nephrotoxicity and for renal herb-drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015;43:669–78.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Guo B, Li C, Wang GJ, Chen LS. Rapid and direct measurement of free concentrations of highly protein-bound fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine in plasma. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2006;20:39–47.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reagan-Shaw S, Nihal M, Ahmad N. Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J. 2008;22:659–61.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ma SG, Chowdhury SK. Analytical strategies for assessment of human metabolites in preclinical safety testing. Anal Chem. 2011;83:5028–36.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (Edition 2020). ume IV. Beijing: China Medical Science Press; 2020. p. p466–72.

Google Scholar 

Gao C, Huang QX, Liu CH, Kwong CHT, Yue LD, Wan JB, et al. Treatment of atherosclerosis by macrophage-biomimetic nanoparticles via targeted pharmacotherapy and sequestration of proinflammatory cytokines. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2622.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Matarazzo S, Quitadamo MC, Mango R, Ciccone S, Novelli G, Biocca S. Cholesterol-lowering drugs inhibit lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein-1 receptor function by membrane raft disruption. Mol Pharmacol. 2012;82:246–54.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zheng SZ, Du YF, Ye Q, Zha K, Feng J. Atorvastatin enhances foam cell lipophagy and promotes cholesterol efflux through the amp-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2021;77:508–18.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jeong SJ, Kim S, Park JG, Jung IH, Lee MN, Jeon S, et al. Prdx1 (peroxiredoxin 1) deficiency reduces cholesterol efflux via impaired macrophage lipophagic flux. Autophagy. 2018;14:120–33.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Meir KS, Leitersdorf E. Atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse: a decade of progress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:1006–14.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zheng G, Zhao Y, Li Z, Hua Y, Zhang J, Miao Y, et al. GLSP and GLSP-derived triterpenes attenuate atherosclerosis and aortic calcification by stimulating ABCA1/G1-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux and inactivating RUNX2-mediated VSMC osteogenesis. Theranostics. 2023;13:1325–41.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, et al. Targeting foam cell formation in atherosclerosis: therapeutic potential of natural products. Pharmacol Rev. 2019;71:596–670.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Libby P, Buring JE, Badimon L, Hansson GK, Deanfield J, Bittencourt MS, et al. Atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2019;5:56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng C, Ren C, Li M-Z, Liu Y-H, Yao R-Q, Yu Y, et al. Pharmacologically significant constituents collectively responsible for anti-sepsis action of XueBiJing, a Chinese herb-based intravenous formulation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024;45:1077–92.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li C, Jia WW, Yang JL, Cheng C, Olaleye OE. Multi-compound and drug-combination pharmacokinetic research on Chinese herbal medicines. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022;43:3080–95.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li C, Yang JL, Cheng C, Jia WW. Pharmacokinetic research on investigational Chinese herbal medicines. Chin J Drug Eval. 2023;40:457–69.

Google Scholar 

Meech R, Hu DG, McKinnon RA, Mubarokah SN, Haines AZ, Nair PC, et al. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGT) Superfamily: new members, new functions, and novel paradigms. Physiol Rev. 2019;99:1153–222.

Article  PubMed