Hui AY, McCarty WJ, Masuda K, et al. A systems biology approach to synovial joint lubrication in health, injury, and disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev: Syst Biol Med. 2012;4:15–37.

PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mathiessen A, Conaghan PG. Synovitis in osteoarthritis: Current understanding with therapeutic implications. Arthritis Research and Therapy; 19. Epub ahead of print 2 February 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1229-9.

Aigner T, Kim HA, Roach HI. Apoptosis in osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2004;30:639–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berenbaum F. Osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease (osteoarthritis is not osteoarthrosis!). Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2013;21:16–21.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sellam J, Berenbaum F. The role of synovitis in pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010;6:625–35.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Felson DT. Osteoarthritis as a disease of mechanics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2013;21:10–5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Guilak F. Biomechanical factors in osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25:815–23.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Philpott HT, Carter MM, Birmingham TB, et al. Synovial tissue perivascular edema is associated with altered gait patterns in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022;30:42–51.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Atkinson HF, Birmingham TB, Primeau CA, et al. Association between changes in knee load and effusion-synovitis: evidence of mechano-inflammation in knee osteoarthritis using high tibial osteotomy as a model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021;29:222–9.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Atkinson HF, Birmingham TB, Schulz JM, et al. High tibial osteotomy to neutral alignment improves medial knee articular cartilage composition. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2022;30:1065–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moyer R, Wirth W, Eckstein F. Longitudinal changes in magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of femorotibial cartilage thickness as a function of alignment and obesity: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017;69:959–65.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Watt FE, Hamid B, Garriga C, et al. The molecular profile of synovial fluid changes upon joint distraction and is associated with clinical response in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2020;28:324–33.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kumagai K, Fujimaki H, Yamada S, et al. Changes of synovial fluid biomarker levels after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021;29:1020–8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chou C-H, Jain V, Gibson J, et al. Synovial cell cross-talk with cartilage plays a major role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2020;10:10868.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Birmingham TB, Moyer R, Leitch K, et al. Changes in biomechanical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis and their association with 5-year clinically important improvement after limb realignment surgery. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017;25:1999–2006.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

De Pieri E, Nüesch C, Pagenstert G, et al. High tibial osteotomy effectively redistributes compressive knee loads during walking. J Orthop Res®. 2023;41:591–600.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hulley S, Cummings S, Browner W, et al. Designing clinical research: an epidemiological approach. Philadephia, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013, p. 79.

Altman R, Asch E, Bloch D, et al. Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis: classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29:1039–49.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1957;16:494–502.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Altman RD, Gold GE. Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis, revised. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(Suppl A):A1–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roos EM, Roos HP, Lohmander LS, et al. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)–development of a self-administered outcome measure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;28:88–96.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Primeau CA, Birmingham TB, Leitch KM, et al. Total knee replacement after high tibial osteotomy: time-to-event analysis and predictors. CMAJ. 2021;1:158–66.

Article  Google Scholar 

Moyer R, Birmingham T, Eckstein F, et al. Validation of a novel blinding method for measuring postoperative knee articular cartilage using magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Mater Phys, Biol Med. 2019;32:693–702.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fedorov A, Beichel R, Kalpathy-Cramer J, et al. 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;30:1323–41.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wirth W, Eckstein F. A technique for regional analysis of femorotibial cartilage thickness based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2008;27:737–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liang MH, Fossel AH, Larson MG. Comparisons of five health status instruments for orthopedic evaluation. Med Care. 1990;28:632–42.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for behavioural sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Earbaum Assoicates; 1988.

Google Scholar 

Rausch TK, Schillert A, Ziegler A, et al. Comparison of pre-processing methods for multiplex bead-based immunoassays. BMC Genomics. 2016;17:1–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:15545–50.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mootha VK, Lindgren CM, Eriksson K-F, et al. PGC-1α-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes. Nat Genet. 2003;34:267–73.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Isserlin R, Merico D, Alikhani-Koupaei R, et al. Pathway analysis of dilated cardiomyopathy using global proteomic profiling and enrichment maps. Proteomics. 2010;10:1316–27.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, et al. Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. J Stat Softw. 2015;67:1–48.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen Q, Jin M, Yang F, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases: Inflammatory regulators of cell behaviors in vascular formation and remodeling. Mediators Inflamm; 2013. Epub ahead of print 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/928315.

Ryu JH, Yang S, Shin Y, et al. Interleukin-6 plays an essential role in hypoxia-inducible factor 2α-induced experimental osteoarthritic cartilage destruction in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:2732–43.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Latourte A, Cherifi C, Maillet J, et al. Systemic inhibition of IL-6/Stat3 signalling protects against experimental osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:748–55.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar