Baumgart M, Snyder HM, Carrillo MC, Fazio S, Kim H, Johns H. Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: a population-based perspective. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(6):718–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, Ames D, Ballard C, Banerjee S, Brayne C, Burns A, Cohen-Mansfield J, Cooper C, Costafreda SG, Dias A, Fox N, Gitlin LN, Howard R, Kales HC, Kivimaki M, Larson EB, Ogunniyi A, Orgeta V, Ritchie K, Rockwood K, Sampson EL, Samus Q, Schneider LS, Selbaek G, Teri L, Mukadam N. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the lancet commission. Lancet. 2020;396(10248):413–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Kieviet JF, Zoetebier L, van Elburg RM, Vermeulen RJ, Oosterlaan J. Brain development of very preterm and very low-birthweight children in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(4):313–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04216.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raznahan A, Greenstein D, Lee NR, Clasen LS, Giedd JN. Prenatal growth in humans and postnatal brain maturation into late adolescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(28):11366–71. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203350109.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Taylor HG, Filipek PA, Juranek J, Bangert B, Minich N, Hack M. Brain volumes in adolescents with very low birth weight: effects on brain structure and associations with neuropsychological outcomes. Dev Neuropsychol. 2011;36(1):96–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2011.540544.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Dong Y, Zou Z, Ma J, Yang Z, Gao D, Li Y, Nguyen MT (2019) Low birthweight is associated with higher risk of high blood pressure in chinese girls: results from a national cross-sectional study in china. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162898

Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in ageing and alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(11):1006–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70191-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, Sachdev HS. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet. 2008;371(9609):340–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61692-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aarestrup J, Bjerregaard LG, Meyle KD, Pedersen DC, Gjærde LK, Jensen BW, Baker JL. Birthweight, childhood overweight, height and growth and adult cancer risks: a review of studies using the copenhagen school health records register. Int J Obes (Lond). 2020;44(7):1546–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-020-0523-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harder T, Rodekamp E, Schellong K, Dudenhausen JW, Plagemann A. Birth weight and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(8):849–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwk071.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lawlor DA, Ronalds G, Clark H, Smith GD, Leon DA. Birth weight is inversely associated with incident coronary heart disease and stroke among individuals born in the 1950s: findings from the aberdeen children of the 1950s prospective cohort study. Circulation. 2005;112(10):1414–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.528356.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liang J, Xu C, Liu Q, Fan X, Xu J, Zhang L, Hang D, Shang H, Gu A. Association between birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence from uk biobank. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;31(9):2637–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.017.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Volpe JJ. Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(1):110–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70294-1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mosing MA, Lundholm C, Cnattingius S, Gatz M, Pedersen NL. Associations between birth characteristics and age-related cognitive impairment and dementia: a registry-based cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018;15(7): e1002609. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002609.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Luo J, Ma Y, Agboola FJ, Grant E, Morris JC, Mcdade E, Fagan AM, Benzinger T, Hassenstab J, Bateman RJ, Perrin RJ, Gordon BA, Goyal M, Strain JF, Yakushev I, Day GS, Xiong C. Longitudinal relationships of white matter hyperintensities and alzheimer disease biomarkers across the adult life span. Neurology. 2023;101(2):e164–77. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000207378.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dubois B, von Arnim C, Burnie N, Bozeat S, Cummings J. Biomarkers in alzheimer’s disease: role in early and differential diagnosis and recognition of atypical variants. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2023;15(1):175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-023-01314-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steward A, Biel D, Dewenter A, Roemer S, Wagner F, Dehsarvi A, Rathore S, Otero SD, Higgins I, Brendel M, Dichgans M, Shcherbinin S, Ewers M, Franzmeier N. Apoe4 and connectivity-mediated spreading of tau pathology at lower amyloid levels. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80(12):1295–306. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.4038.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khera AV, Chaffin M, Aragam KG, Haas ME, Roselli C, Choi SH, Natarajan P, Lander ES, Lubitz SA, Ellinor PT, Kathiresan S. Genome-wide polygenic scores for common diseases identify individuals with risk equivalent to monogenic mutations. Nat Genet. 2018;50(9):1219–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0183-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu WT, Li YJ, Feng AZ, Li L, Huang T, Xu AD, Lyu J. Data mining in clinical big data: the frequently used databases, steps, and methodological models. Mil Med Res. 2021;8(1):44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-021-00338-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Collins R. What makes uk biobank special? Lancet. 2012;379(9822):1173–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60404-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ding J, Sigurðsson S, Jónsson PV, Eiriksdottir G, Charidimou A, Lopez OL, van Buchem MA, Guðnason V, Launer LJ. Large perivascular spaces visible on magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral small vessel disease progression, and risk of dementia: the age, gene/environment susceptibility-reykjavik study. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(9):1105–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1397.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fawns-Ritchie C, Deary IJ. Reliability and validity of the uk biobank cognitive tests. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(4): e231627. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231627.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alfaro-Almagro F, Jenkinson M, Bangerter NK, Andersson J, Griffanti L, Douaud G, Sotiropoulos SN, Jbabdi S, Hernandez-Fernandez M, Vallee E, Vidaurre D, Webster M, Mccarthy P, Rorden C, Daducci A, Alexander DC, Zhang H, Dragonu I, Matthews PM, Miller KL, Smith SM. Image processing and quality control for the first 10,000 brain imaging datasets from uk biobank. Neuroimage. 2018;166:400–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.034.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crane PK, Groot C, Ossenkoppele R, Mukherjee S, Choi SE, Lee M, Scollard P, Gibbons LE, Sanders RE, Trittschuh E, Saykin AJ, Mez J, Nakano C, Donald CM, Sohi H, Risacher S. Cognitively defined alzheimer’s dementia subgroups have distinct atrophy patterns. Alzheimers Dement. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13567.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maximov II, Alnaes D, Westlye LT. Towards an optimised processing pipeline for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data: effects of artefact corrections on diffusion metrics and their age associations in uk biobank. Hum Brain Mapp. 2019;40(14):4146–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24691.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Desikan RS, Ségonne F, Fischl B, Quinn BT, Dickerson BC, Blacker D, Buckner RL, Dale AM, Maguire RP, Hyman BT, Albert MS, Killiany RJ. An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on mri scans into gyral based regions of interest. Neuroimage. 2006;31(3):968–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jansen IE, Savage JE, Watanabe K, Bryois J, Williams DM, Steinberg S, Sealock J, Karlsson IK, Hägg S, Athanasiu L, Voyle N, Proitsi P, Witoelar A, Stringer S, Aarsland D, Almdahl IS, Andersen F, Bergh S, Bettella F, Bjornsson S, Brækhus A, Bråthen G, de Leeuw C, Desikan RS, Djurovic S, Dumitrescu L, Fladby T, Hohman TJ, Jonsson PV, Kiddle SJ, Rongve A, Saltvedt I, Sando SB, Selbæk G, Shoai M, Skene NG, Snaedal J, Stordal E, Ulstein ID, Wang Y, White LR, Hardy J, Hjerling-Leffler J, Sullivan PF, van der Flier WM, Dobson R, Davis LK, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Pedersen NL, Ripke S, Andreassen OA, Posthuma D. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new loci and functional pathways influencing alzheimer’s disease risk. Nat Genet. 2019;51(3):404–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0311-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed