External vs Internal Focus of Attention in Procedural Skills Learning: A Randomized Study

1N. Tarasova is a simulation fellow, Multidisciplinary Simulation Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-5438.

2P. Wilkins is a simulation fellow, Multidisciplinary Simulation Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.

3D.A. Cook is professor of medicine and medical education and director of education science, Office of Applied Scholarship and Education Science, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and a consultant, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-4633.

4V.S. Pankratz is professor of internal medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-040X.

5M.M. Morrey is professor of orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and a consultant, Division of Adult Reconstruction, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-8717.

6T.A. Laack is associate professor of emergency medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, and a consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-6627.

Correspondence should be addressed to Torrey A. Laack, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905; telephone: (507) 255-0917; email: [email protected].

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge E. Fowziyyah Ali, Luke A. Hunter, Ivan Khapov, Himani Bhatt, Juan Pablo Garcia, Mahmut Can Ozkan, Diana Valencia Morales, and Jorge Larco for their help with the educational event and data collection.

Funding/Support: None reported.

Other disclosures: None reported.

Ethical approval: The study was approved as exempt by the Mayo Institutional Review Board, October 17, 2022, #22-009433.

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