1J. Rincon-Torroella is a neurosurgery resident, Physician-Scientist Training Program scholar, and NINDS R25 awardee, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-8231

2J. Feghali is a neurosurgery resident, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-4751

3A. Antar is a medical student, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-8873

4T.D. Azad is a neurosurgery resident, Physician-Scientist Training Program Scholar, and a prior NIH TL1 Clinical Training Scholar, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-4294

5A. Rosen is Mary Betty Stevens Professor, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, and vice dean for research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-4763

6R.C. Ziegelstein is Sarah Miller Coulson and Frank L. Coulson, Jr. Professor, Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, The Mary Wallace Stanton Professor of Education, and vice dean for education, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-1501

7P.B. Rothman is former dean of medical faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and former chief executive officer, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7484-1326

8K.H. Burns is professor, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, and chair, of Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and former professor and director, Physician-Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-3761

9J.L. Bienstock is professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and senior associate dean for graduate medical education, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-4559

10A.L. Cox is professor, Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, and associate director, Physician-Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-2462

11C. Bettegowda is Jennison and Novak Families Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, and director, Physician-Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-7123

Correspondence should be addressed to Chetan Bettegowda, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Phipps 118, Baltimore, MD 21128; telephone: (410) 955-8620; email: [email protected].

Supplemental digital content for this article is available at https://links.lww.com/ACADMED/B569.

Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank Cassie Klein for her administrative support and her assistance accessing data for the Physician-Scientist Training Program scholars in her role as administrator of postdoctoral programs.

Funding/Support: J.R.T. is an NINDS R25 training grant awardee. The research reported in this article was supported by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) through an administrative supplement to award R25NS065729. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views the National Institutes of Health. The authors declare no competing financial interests. K.H.B. was awarded a pilot grant from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Physician-Scientist Institutional Awards (PSIA) program.

Other disclosures: P.B.R. serves as a member of the Board of Merck & Co. and the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. C.B. is a consultant for Depuy-Synthes, Bionaut Labs, and Galentin Therapeutics. He is a co-founder of OrisDx. K.H.B. is a consultant for Transposon Therapeutics and co-founder of Oncolinea Pharmaceuticals.

Ethical approval: The Johns Hopkins Medicine Institutional Review board has reviewed this study’s research planning, methods, and data management and determined it qualifies as exempt research under Department of Health and Human Services regulations (IRB00286545).

Previous presentations: Some of these data were presented by the authors at the 5th Annual Johns Hopkins Excellence in Diversity Symposium. October 20, 2021. Virtual.