1M. Srifuengfung is assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-6540.

2T. Wiwattarangkul is psychiatry resident, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-6197.

3P. Vadhanavikkit is assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-6819.

4P. Wiwattanaworaset is assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-0415

5M. Chiddaycha is clinical instructor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-8214.

6A. Oon-arom is assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-9620.

7S. Wainipitapong is student at Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, and assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence in Transgender Health (CETH), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-0930.

Correspondence should be addressed to Sorawit Wainipitapong, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Rd, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; telephone: +66 2 256-4000 ext 61529; e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]

Supplemental digital content for this article is available at https://links.lww.com/ACADMED/B566.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Assistant Professor Kanthee Anantapong from the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, for his advice on qualitative data analysis and Dr. Sompasong Kanthavong from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Health and Sciences of Lao PDR, for information about medical student uniforms in Laos.

Funding /Support: This study was financially supported by the Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (RA65/040). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, or report writing. Awirut Oon-arom, a Fogarty UCGHI GloCal Fellow, was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43TW009343 and the University of California Global Health Institute and partially supported by Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University.

Other disclosures: None reported.

Ethical approval: This study was approved by Institutional Review Boards at each site: Mahidol University (Feb 24, 2022, #167/2022), Chulalongkorn University (Dec 30, 2021, #0006/2022), Khon Kaen University (Apr 29, 2022, #HE651083), and Prince of Songkla University (Mar 04, 2022, #65-085-3-1).

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.