Jones DW, Whelton PK, Allen N, Clark D 3rd, Gidding SS, Muntner P, Nesbitt S, Mitchell NS, Townsend R, Falkner B. on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension; Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; and Stroke Council. Management of stage 1 hypertension in adults with a low 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease: filling a guidance gap: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2021;77(6):e58-e67. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000195.

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC Jr, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA Sr, Williamson JD, Wright JT Jr. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13-e115. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065. Epub 2017 Nov 13. Erratum in: Hypertension. 2018 Jun;71(6):e140-e144.

Xu W, Goldberg SI, Shubina M, Turchin A. Optimal systolic blood pressure target, time to intensification, and time to follow-up in treatment of hypertension: population based retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2015;350:h158. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h158.

Blom DJ, Santos RD, Daclin V, Mercier F, Ruiz AJ, Danchin N. ICLPS study group. The challenge of multiple cardiovascular risk factor control outside Western Europe: findings from the International ChoLesterol management Practice Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;2047487319871735. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319871735.

The SPRINT Research Group. Final report of a trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1921–30. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1901281.

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021;397:1625–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00590-0.

Article  Google Scholar 

Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, Clement DL, Coca A, de Simone G, Dominiczak A, Kahan T, Mahfoud F, Redon J, Ruilope L, Zanchetti A, Kerins M, Kjeldsen SE, Kreutz R, Laurent S, Lip GYH, McManus R, Narkiewicz K, Ruschitzka F, Schmieder RE, Shlyakhto E, Tsioufis C, Aboyans V, Desormais I. Authors/Task Force Members: 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018;36(10):1953–2041. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001940.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, Lackland DT, LeFevre ML, MacKenzie TD, Ogedegbe O, Smith SC Jr, Svetkey LP, Taler SJ, Townsend RR, Wright JT Jr, Narva AS, Ortiz E. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–20. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.284427.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeMarzo AP. Clinical use of impedance cardiography for hemodynamic assessment of early cardiovascular disease and management of hypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(3):203–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00383-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

MacDonald TM, Williams B, Webb DJ, Morant S, Caulfield M, Cruickshank JK, Ford I, Sever P, Mackenzie IS, Padmanabhan S, McCann GP, Salsbury J, McInnes G, Brown MJ. British Hypertension Society Programme of Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension with Algorithm-based Therapy (PATHWAY). Combination therapy is superior to sequential monotherapy for the initial treatment of hypertension: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(11):e006986. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.006986.

Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK, Bestwick JP, Wald NJ. Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11,000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med. 2009;122(3):290–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.038.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferrario CM, Flack JM, Strobeck JE, Smits G, Peters C. Individualizing hypertension treatment with impedance cardiography: a meta-analysis of published trials. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;4(1):5–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944709348236. (Epub 2009 Dec 30).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeMarzo AP. Multiple cardiovascular risk factors indicate cardiovascular disease in stage 1 hypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2019;26(2):135–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-019-00304-w.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krzesiński P, Gielerak GG, Kowal JJ. A “patient-tailored” treatment of hypertension with use of impedance cardiography: a randomized, prospective and controlled trial. Med Sci Monit. 2013;5(19):242–50. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.883870.

Article  Google Scholar 

Taler SJ. Individualizing antihypertensive combination therapies: clinical and hemodynamic considerations. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014;16(7):451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-014-0451-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Volpe M, Rosei EA, Ambrosioni E, Cottone S, Cuspidi C, Borghi C, De Luca N, Fallo F, Ferri C, Morganti A, Muiesan ML, Sarzani R, Sechi L, Virdis A, Tocci G, TrimarcoB, Filippi A, Mancia G. 2012 consensus document of the Italian society of hypertension (SIIA): strategies to improve blood pressure control in Italy. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2013;20:45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-013-0007-2.

Muñoz D, Uzoije P, Reynolds C, Miller R, Walkley D, Pappalardo S, Tousey P, Munro H, Gonzales H, Song W, White C, Blot WJ, Wang TJ. Polypill for cardiovascular disease prevention in an underserved population. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(12):1114–23. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1815359.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yusuf S, Joseph P, Dans A, Gao P, Teo K, Xavier D, López-Jaramillo P, Yusoff K, Santoso A, Gamra H, Talukder S, Christou C, Girish P, Yeates K, Xavier F, Dagenais G, Rocha C, McCready T, Tyrwhitt J, Bosch J, Pais P. International Polycap Study 3 Investigators. Polypill with or without aspirin in persons without cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(3):216–228. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2028220. Epub 2020 Nov 13.

Chow CK, Atkins ER, Hillis GS, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Schlaich MP, Hay P, Rogers K, Billot L, Burke M, Chalmers J, Neal B, Patel A, Usherwood T, Webster R, Rodgers A. QUARTET Investigators. Initial treatment with a single pill containing quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medicines versus standard dose monotherapy in patients with hypertension (QUARTET): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;398(10305):1043–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01922-X. Epub 2021 Aug 29.

Joseph P, Roshandel G, Gao P, Pais P, Lonn E, Xavier D, Avezum A, Zhu J, Liu L, Sliwa K, Gamra H, Bangdiwala SI, Teo K, Diaz R, Dans A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Prabhakaran D, Castellano JM, Fuster V, Rodgers A, Huffman MD, Bosch J, Dagenais GR, Malekzadeh R, Yusuf S, Polypill Trialists' Collaboration. Fixed-dose combination therapies with and without aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021;398(10306):1133–1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01827-4. Epub 2021 Aug 29.

Kawalec P, Holko P, Gawin M, Pilc A. Effectiveness of fixed-dose combination therapy in https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2018.77561. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Ferrario CM, Panjabi S, Buzinec P, Swindle JP. Clinical and economic outcomes associated with amlodipine/renin-angiotensin system blocker combinations. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;7(1):27–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944712470979. (Epub 2013 Jan 17).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baser O, Andrews LM, Wang L, Xie L. Comparison of real-world adherence, healthcare resource utilization and costs for newly initiated valsartan/amlodipine single-pill combination versus angiotensin receptor blocker/calcium channel blocker free-combination therapy. J Med Econ. 2011;14(5):576–83. https://doi.org/10.3111/13696998.2011.596873. (Epub 2011 Jul 6).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salam A, Atkins ER, Hsu B, Webster R, Patel A, Rodgers A. Efficacy and safety of triple versus dual combination blood pressure-lowering drug therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2019;37(8):1567–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002089.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar