aCentre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa;

bHarriet Shezi Children's Clinic, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; and

cEmpilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Correspondence to: Gabriela Patten, 4th Floor, Fairland House, 364B Victoria Road, Salt River, Cape Town 7925, South Africa (e-mail: [email protected]).

Support for this study was provided by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) through the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS, Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA), Grant no 5U01AI069924-04.

The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Some data from this study were presented as a poster at the 2022 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2022) held virtually.

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