Zwi N. Berneman, Maxime De Laere, Paul Germonpré, Manon T. Huizing, Yannick Willemen and Eva Lion contributed equally to this work.

Center for Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine (CCRG), Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium

Zwi N. Berneman, Maxime De Laere, Yannick Willemen, Eva Lion, Hans De Reu, Jolien Van den Bossche, Nathalie Cools, Griet Nijs, Barbara Stein, Kim Caluwaerts, Irma Vandenbosch, Ann L. Van de Velde, Viggo F. Van Tendeloo, Sébastien Anguille & Evelien L.J.M. Smits

Division of Hematology & Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

Zwi N. Berneman, Maxime De Laere, Kim Caluwaerts, Kirsten Saevels, Lynn Rutsaert, Irma Vandenbosch, Ann L. Van de Velde & Sébastien Anguille

Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Zwi N. Berneman, Maxime De Laere, Yannick Willemen, Eva Lion, Hans De Reu, Jolien Van den Bossche, Nathalie Cools, Griet Nijs, Barbara Stein, Kim Caluwaerts, Ann L. Van de Velde, Viggo F. Van Tendeloo & Sébastien Anguille

Department of Pneumology, Maria Middelares General Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

Paul Germonpré

Division of Oncology & Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

Manon T. Huizing, Yannick Willemen, Jan Van den Brande, Pol Specenier, Sevilay Altintas & Marc Peeters

Bio and Tissue Bank, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

Manon T. Huizing, Griet Nijs, Barbara Stein & Kim Caluwaerts

Department of Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Manon T. Huizing

Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIPRO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Yannick Willemen, Jan Van den Brande, Pol Specenier, Sevilay Altintas, Peter A. van Dam, Gizem Oner, Martin Lammens, Marc Peeters & Evelien L.J.M. Smits

Division of Gynecological Oncology & Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

Peter A. van Dam & Gizem Oner

Clinical Research Center (CRC) Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

Griet Nijs

Division of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

Annemiek Snoeckx & Bart Op de Beeck

Department of Molecular Morphology and Microscopy (mVISION), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Annemiek Snoeckx

Division of Anatomopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

Martin Lammens

Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Pierre Van Damme

Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

Sian Llewellyn-Lacey & David A. Price

Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

David A. Price

Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Yoshihiro Oka

Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Integrated Health Design Initiative (IHDi), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Yusuke Oji

Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Haruo Sugiyama

Division of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

Marie M. Couttenye

Department of Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation (TWI2N), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Marie M. Couttenye

ZNB was the promotor and PG, MTH, ALVdV, VFVT, and MP were the copromotors of the project. ZNB, GN, PVD, VFVT, MP, SAnguille, and ELJMS supervised and supported the clinical study. ZNB, PG, MTH, YW, JVdBrande, PS, SAltintas, PAvD, IV, ALVdV, MP, and SAnguille recruited and/or treated the patients. MMC supervised the leukapheresis procedures. GN, BS, KC, and ML organized the production and quality control of the DCs. HDR, NC, and BS carried out the immunological analyses of patient samples. SL-L and DAP provided critical reagents (WT1-specific peptide-HLA-A*02:01 tetramers). YOka, YOji, and HS conceptually inspired this study and performed the WT1 IgG assays. ZNB, MDL, EL, JVdBossche, DAP, YOka, YOji, HS, and SAnguille analyzed the immune response data. AS and BOdB analyzed the radiological response. ZNB, MDL, YW, KS, LR, and SAnguille collected the clinical data. GO performed a critical literature search. ZNB, MDL, EL, HDR, JVdBossche, and SAnguille performed the statistical analyses. ZNB, MDL, YW, and SAnguille wrote the manuscript with input from DAP. MDL and SAnguille designed the figures.