Buckley RE, Moran CG, Apivatthakakul T (2017) AO Principles of Fracture Management (Vol v. 1): AO Foundation.

Sudkamp N, Bayer J, Hepp P, Voigt C, Oestern H, Kaab M, Luo C, Plecko M, Wendt K, Kostler W, Konrad G (2009) Open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with use of the locking proximal humerus plate. Results of a prospective, multicenter, observational study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 91(6):1320–1328. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.H.00006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Panagiotopoulou VC, Varga P, Richards RG, Gueorguiev B, Giannoudis PV (2019) Late screw-related complications in locking plating of proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review. Injury 50(12):2176–2195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2019.11.002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krappinger D, Bizzotto N, Riedmann S, Kammerlander C, Hengg C, Kralinger FS (2011) Predicting failure after surgical fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Injury 42(11):1283–1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.01.017

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beeres FJP, Hallensleben NDL, Rhemrev SJ, Goslings JC, Oehme F, Meylaerts SAG, Babst R, Schep NWL (2017) Plate fixation of the proximal humerus: an international multicentre comparative study of postoperative complications. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 137(12):1685–1692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-017-2790-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schnetzke M, Bockmeyer J, Porschke F, Studier-Fischer S, Grützner P-A, Guehring T (2016) Quality of reduction influences outcome after locked-plate fixation of proximal humeral type-C fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 98(21):1777–1785. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.16.00112

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Solberg BD, Moon CN, Franco DP, Paiement GD (2009) Locked plating of 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in older patients: the effect of initial fracture pattern on outcome. J Orthop Trauma 23(2):113–119. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0b013e31819344bf

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Helfen T, Siebenbürger G, Fleischhacker E, Biermann N, Böcker W, Ockert B (2018) Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures. Does the surgeon’s experience have an impact on outcomes? PLoS ONE 13(11):e0207044. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207044

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vlachopoulos L, Dünner C, Gass T, Graf M, Goksel O, Gerber C, Székely G, Fürnstahl P (2016) Computer algorithms for three-dimensional measurement of humeral anatomy: analysis of 140 paired humeri. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25(2):e38–e48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2015.07.027

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moolenaar JZ, Tümer N, Checa S (2022) Computer-assisted preoperative planning of bone fracture fixation surgery: A state-of-the-art review [Review]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 10:1037048. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1037048

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu RJ, Zhang W, Lin YZ, Fang ZL, Wang KN, Wang CX, Yu DS (2023) Influence of preoperative simulation on the reduction quality and clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation for complex proximal humerus fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 24(1):243. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06348-3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vlachopoulos L, Székely G, Gerber C, Fürnstahl P (2018) A scale-space curvature matching algorithm for the reconstruction of complex proximal humeral fractures. Med Image Anal 43:142–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2017.10.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiménez-Delgado JJ, Paulano-Godino F, PulidoRam-Ramírez R, Jiménez-Pérez JR (2016) Computer assisted preoperative planning of bone fracture reduction: simulation techniques and new trends. Med Image Anal 30:30–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2015.12.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vetter SY, Beisemann N, Hogan A, von Recum J, Grützner PA, Franke J (2014) (ii) Computer assisted surgery in trauma and osteotomy. Orthop and Trauma 28(5):286–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mporth.2014.08.001

Article  Google Scholar 

Weil YA, Liebergall M, Mosheiff R, Helfet DL, Pearle AD (2007) Long bone fracture reduction using a fluoroscopy-based navigation system: a feasibility and accuracy study. Comput Aided Surg 12(5):295–302. https://doi.org/10.3109/10929080701657974

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keppler AM, Küssner K, Suero EM, Kronseder V, Böcker W, Kammerlander C, Zeckey C, Neuerburg C (2022) Intraoperative torsion control using the cortical step sign and diameter difference in tibial mid-shaft fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 48(5):3659–3667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01566-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Székely G, Nolte L-P (2016) Image guidance in orthopaedics and traumatology: a historical perspective. Med Image Anal 33:79–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2016.06.033

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Russo R, Guastafierro A, Pietroluongo LR (2018) A morphovolumetric study of head malposition in proximal humeral fractures based on 3-dimensional computed tomography scans: the control volume theory. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 27(5):940–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2017.12.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weil YA, Liebergall M, Mosheiff R, Singer SB, Joskowicz L, Khoury A (2011) Assessment of two 3-D fluoroscopic systems for articular fracture reduction: a cadaver study. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 6(5):685–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-011-0548-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Unberath M, Gao C, Hu Y, Judish M, Taylor RH, Armand M, Grupp R (2021) The impact of machine learning on 2D/3D registration for image-guided interventions: a systematic review and perspective. [Systematic review]. Front Robot AI 8:716007. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.716007

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Grupp RB, Hegeman RA, Murphy RJ, Alexander CP, Otake Y, McArthur BA, Armand M, Taylor RH (2020) Pose estimation of periacetabular osteotomy fragments with intraoperative X-ray navigation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 67(2):441–452. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2019.2915165

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Han R, Uneri A, Vijayan RC, Wu P, Vagdargi P, Sheth N, Vogt S, Kleinszig G, Osgood GM, Siewerdsen JH (2021) Fracture reduction planning and guidance in orthopaedic trauma surgery via multi-body image registration. Med Image Anal 68:101917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2020.101917

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hummel JE, Biederman I (1992) Dynamic binding in a neural network for shape recognition. Psychol Rev 99(3):480–517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.99.3.480

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marr D, Nishihara HK (1978) Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of three-dimensional shapes. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 200(1140):269–294. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1978.0020

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biederman I (1987) Recognition-by-components: a theory of human image understanding. Psychol Rev 94(2):115–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.94.2.115

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ullman S (2007) Object recognition and segmentation by a fragment-based hierarchy. Trends Cogn Sci 11(2):58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brincat SL, Connor CE (2004) Underlying principles of visual shape selectivity in posterior inferotemporal cortex. Nat Neurosci 7(8):880–886. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1278

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mys K, Visscher L, van Knegsel KP, Gehweiler D, Pastor T, Bashardoust A, Knill AS, Danker C, Dauwe J, Mechkarska R, Raykov G, Karwacki GM, Knobe M, Gueorguiev B, Windolf M, Lambert S, Nijs S, Varga P (2023) Statistical morphology and fragment mapping of complex proximal humeral fractures. Medicina 59(2):370

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Biguri A, Dosanjh M, Hancock S, Soleimani M (2016) TIGRE: a MATLAB-GPU toolbox for CBCT image reconstruction. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2(5):055010. https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/2/5/055010

Article  Google Scholar 

Markelj P, Tomaževič D, Likar B, Pernuš F (2012) A review of 3D/2D registration methods for image-guided interventions. Med Image Anal 16(3):642–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2010.03.005

Article  CAS  PubMed