Biganzoli L, Wildiers H, Oakman C, Marotti L, Loibl S, Kunkler I, et al. Management of elderly patients with breast cancer: updated recommendations of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) and European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists (EUSOMA). Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:e148–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70383-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Institute for Health Care Excellence. Early and locally advanced breast cancer: diagnosis and management (NICE Guideline, No. 101). www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng101 Accessed 20/06/2024

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Breast Cancer, version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. . https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1419. Accessed 20/06/2024

Karagiannis GS, Goswami S, Jones JG, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Signatures of breast cancer metastasis at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2016;129(9):1751–8. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.183129.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geyer CE, Tang G, Mamounas EP, Rastogi P, Paik S, Shak S, et al. 21-Gene assay as predictor of chemotherapy benefit in HER2−negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41523-018-0090-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Andre F, Ismaila N, Allison KH, Barlow WE, Collyar DE, Damodaran S, et al. Biomarkers for adjuvant endocrine and chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.22.00069.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang SY, Chen T, Dang W, Mougalian SS, Evans SB, Gross CP. Incorporating tumor characteristics to maximize 21-gene Assay utility: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Natl Comprehens Cancer Network JNCCN. 2019;17(1):39–46. https://doi.org/10.6004/JNCCN.2018.7077.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kunst NR, Alarid-Escudero F, Paltiel AD, Wang SY. A value of information analysis of research on the 21-gene assay for breast cancer management. Value Health. 2019;22(10):1102–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVAL.2019.05.004.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ward S, Scope A, Rafia R, Pandor A, Harnan S, Evans P, et al. Gene expression profiling and expanded immunohistochemistry tests to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer management: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assessm. 2013. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta17440.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rouzier R, Pronzato P, Chereau E, Carlson J, Hunt B, Valentine WJ. Multigene assays and molecular markers in breast cancer: systematic review of health economic analyses. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;139(3):621–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-013-2559-1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marrone M, Stewart A, Dotson WD. Clinical utility of gene-expression profiling in women with early breast cancer: an overview of systematic reviews. Genet Med. 2015;17(7):519–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2014.140.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giordano SH, Niu J, Chavez-MacGregor M, Zhao H, Zorzi D, Shih YT, et al. Estimating regimen-specific costs of chemotherapy for breast cancer: observational cohort study. Cancer. 2016;122(22):3447–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30274.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bradley CJ, Oberst K, Schenk M. Absenteeism from work: the experience of employed breast and prostate cancer patients in the months following diagnosis. Psychooncology. 2006;15(8):739–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/PON.1016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meadows ES, Johnston SS, Cao Z, Foley KA, Pohl GM, Johnston JA, et al. Illness-associated productivity costs among women with employer-sponsored insurance and newly diagnosed breast cancer. J Occupat Environ Med. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181d65db7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF, Pritchard KI, Albain KS, Hayes DF, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy guided by a 21-gene expression assay in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(2):111–21. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1804710.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

National Institute for Health Care Excellence. Tumour profiling tests to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in early breast cancer (Diagnostic guidance). www.nice.org.uk/guidance/dg34. Accessed 20/06/2024

Cardoso F, van’t Veer LJ, Bogaerts J, Slaets L, Viale G, Delaloge S, et al. 70-Gene signature as an aid to treatment decisions in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2016;375(8):717–29. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1602253

Berdunov V, Millen S, Paramore A, Griffin J, Reynia S, Fryer N, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the oncotype DX breast recurrence Score® test in node-negative early breast cancer. ClinicoEcon Outcom Res CEOR. 2022;14:619–33. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S360049.

Article  Google Scholar 

Berdunov V, Millen S, Paramore A, Hall P, Perren T, Brown R, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the oncotype DX breast recurrence score test in node-positive early breast cancer. J Med Econ. 2022;25(1):591–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2022.2066399.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanders GD, Neumann PJ, Basu A, Brock DW, Feeny D, Krahn M, et al. Recommendations for conduct, methodological practices, and reporting of cost-effectiveness analyses: second panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. JAMA. 2016;316(10):1093–103. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.12195.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roberts MC, Miller DP, Shak S, Petkov VI. Breast cancer-specific survival in patients with lymph node-positive hormone receptor-positive invasive breast cancer and oncotype DX recurrence score results in the SEER database. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017;163(2):303–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4162-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bloomfield DJ, Arbon A, Cox J, Hack B, Hall J, Harper-Wynne C, et al. Patient/oncologist decisions about adjuvant chemotherapy in ER+ve, HER2−ve early breast cancer following endopredict testing. J Clin Oncol 2017;35(15_suppl):e12002. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e12002

Wuerstlein R, Sotlar K, Gluz O, Otremba B, von Schumann R, Witzel I, et al. The West German study group breast cancer intrinsic subtype study: a prospective multicenter decision impact study utilizing the prosigna assay for adjuvant treatment decision-making in estrogen-receptor-positive, HER2−negative early-stage breast cancer. Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(7):1217–24. https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2016.1166102.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berdunov V, Cuyun Carter G, Laws E, Luo R, Russell CA, Campbell S, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the oncotype DX breast recurrence score((R)) test from a US societal perspective. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2024;16:471–82. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S449711.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cardoso F, van’t Veer L, Poncet C, Lopes Cardozo J, Delaloge S, Pierga J-Y, et al. MINDACT: Long-term results of the large prospective trial testing the 70-gene signature MammaPrint as guidance for adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2020;38(15_suppl):506. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.506

Kalinsky K, Barlow WE, Gralow JR, Meric-Bernstam F, Albain KS, Hayes DF, et al. 21-gene assay to inform chemotherapy benefit in node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(25):2336–47. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA2108873.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Petrelli F, Borgonovo K, Cabiddu M, Lonati V, Barni S. Mortality, leukemic risk, and cardiovascular toxicity of adjuvant anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;135(2):335–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10549-012-2121-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Curtis RE, Boice JD Jr, Stovall M, Bernstein L, Greenberg RS, Flannery JT, et al. Risk of leukemia after chemotherapy and radiation treatment for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(26):1745–51. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199206253262605.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Praga C, Bergh J, Bliss J, Bonneterre J, Cesana B, Coombes RC, et al. Risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in trials of adjuvant epirubicin for early breast cancer: correlation with doses of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(18):4179–91. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.05.029.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Ravdin PM, Makower DF, Pritchard KI, Albain KS, et al. Clinical and genomic risk to guide the use of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(25):2395–405. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA1904819.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Buus R, Sestak I, Kronenwett R, Denkert C, Dubsky P, Krappmann K, et al. Comparison of endopredict and epclin with oncotype dx recurrence score for prediction of risk of distant recurrence after endocrine therapy. J Natl Cancer Instit Oxford University Press; 2016. p. suppl.

Arias E, Xu J. United States Life Tables, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_07-508.pdf. Accessed 20/11/2023

Sledge GW, Toi M, Neven P, Sohn J, Inoue K, Pivot X, et al. The effect of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant on overall survival in hormone receptor–positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer that progressed on endocrine therapy—MONARCH 2: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(1):116–24. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMAONCOL.2019.4782.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Institute for Health Care Excellence. Liposomal cytarabine–daunorubicin for untreated acute myeloid leukaemia (Technology appraisal guidance). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta552. Accessed 20/06/2024

OECD. Consumer price indices (CPIs) - Complete database.