In modern scientific research, integrating symbols and stories from traditional culture can help elucidate complex scientific concepts and mechanisms. Through this approach, scientists not only gain novel perspectives but also make scientific content more accessible and communicative.

For instance, the ancient Chinese folk tale of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is ingeniously represented using two-dimensional catalysts, with N2 and H2O molecules symbolizing the celestial lovers and the magpie bridge that unites them. Under the catalytic action of these two-dimensional photocatalysts/electrocatalysts, N2 and H2O molecules are reduced to NH3, encircling them in a heart shape emblematic of love (Fig. 1A)[2].

Illustrations showcasing the integration of traditional Chinese cultural elements into scientific research visuals. (Images obtained under license from the Copyright Clearance Center. The image D is produced by GPT-DALL·E.)

Similarly, the creation myth of “Pangu-The Creator of the World” is utilized to depict how the Supramolecular Entity Complex interacts with the Notch signaling pathway in neural stem cells, thereby determining the divergent destinies of neural tissue cells and stem cells (Fig. 1B) [3].

Moreover, scientists have drawn parallels from the “Journey to the West” narrative of “Monkey Hit Lady White Bone Thrice” to elucidate how circulating tumor cells (CTCs) evade the immune system’s surveillance and attack. In this analogy, CTCs are likened to the White Bone Demon, natural killer (NK) cells to the Monkey King, and the HLA-E immune checkpoint to Pigsy, who impedes the NK cells' assault. CTCs, by consuming platelets and acquiring the RGS18 gene, successfully masquerade and elude immune detection, akin to the White Bone Demon deceiving Tang Sanzang and Pigsy, thwarting the Monkey King’s efforts (Fig. 1C) [4].

Additionally, we have endeavored to illustrate the seamless integration and intersection of science and art through the Daoist concept of the Taiji, symbolizing the harmony of Yin and Yang (Fig. 1D).

The author uses ink painting techniques to adorn the eaves with the chemical structure, seamlessly integrating it into traditional oriental architecture and natural landscapes. This symbolizes the harmonious union of science and art. The rising sun in the painting represents the vast potential of α-substituted vinyl azides as multifunctional precursors, highlighting the broad prospects and limitless possibilities in scientific research (Fig. 1E) [5].

Furthermore, the researchers used traditional Chinese ink painting to illustrate two complementary methods for endocytosis-independent intracellular protein delivery. The figure at the bow symbolizes native proteins, while the chemical structures on the boat represent the modifications and conjugates used in the delivery process. The two oars signify the main approaches of cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s: PTM-based tagging and traceless tagging (Fig. 1F) [6].

Meanwhile, the authors metaphorically represent ferroportin, the iron-exporting pump protein, as a “Dragon,” and Hif2α activators, which enhance erroportin function, as a “Phoenix.” The phrase “Dragon and Phoenix Bring Prosperity” encapsulates their synergistic role in maintaining red blood cell health, symbolizing the treatment of refractory anemia (Fig. 1G) [7].

Additionally, the author uses a dragon to symbolize the dual functionality of the TaHRC gene. The two different alleles of TaHRC lead to distinct biological processes, resulting in varying outcomes of wheat’s susceptibility to pathogen damage (Fig. 1H) [8]. (The supplementary materials showcase the Chinese mythological stories and traditional elements, including their Chinese characters, Pinyin, corresponding English translations, and detailed narratives.)

These designs not only render the scientific content more comprehensible and engaging but also enable readers to experience the fascinating amalgamation of ancient Chinese mythology with modern technology, thereby enriching the cultural depth and visual impact of the research paper.