Liu J, Ren Z-H, Qiang H, Wu J, Shen M, Zhang L, et al. Trends in the incidence of diabetes mellitus: results from the global burden of Disease Study 2017 and implications for diabetes mellitus prevention. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1415.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ, committee IDFDAtes. IDF Diabetes Atlas. Idf diabetes atlas. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation © International Diabetes Federation, 2021.; 2021.

Kim D, Alshuwaykh O, Sandhu KK, Dennis BB, Cholankeril G, Ahmed A. Trends in all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(6):e107–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):88–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morrish N, Wang S-L, Stevens L, Fuller J, Keen H, Group WMS. Mortality and causes of death in the WHO multinational study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia. 2001;44:S14–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yadegar A, Mohammadi F, Rabizadeh S, Qahremani R, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M. Prevalence of different patterns of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes in an Iranian population. Translational Med Commun. 2022;7(1):23.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, Gobin R, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2215–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leon BM, Maddox TM. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(13):1246–58.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yadegar A, Mohammadi F, Rabizadeh S, Meysamie A, Nabipoorashrafi SA, Seyedi SA, et al. Decreasing trend of blood lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: not a promising change in HDL-C, a serial cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(10):e0293410.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Grundy SM, Benjamin IJ, Burke GL, Chait A, Eckel RH, Howard BV, et al. Diabetes Cardiovasc Disease Circulation. 1999;100(10):1134–46.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Ofstad AP. Myocardial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Scand J Clin Lab Investig. 2016;76(4):271–81.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Manda YR, Baradhi KM. Cardiac Catheterization Risks and Complications: StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2022 2022.

Mei Y, Zhao Z, Lyu Y, Li Y. Circulating growth differentiation factor 15 levels and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratio in coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):59.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu HK, Zhang Y, Cao CM, Hu X, Fang M, Yao Y, et al. Glucose-sensitive Myokine/Cardiokine MG53 regulates systemic insulin response and metabolic homeostasis. Circulation. 2019;139(7):901–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Du Y, Chen J, Chen MH, Yang SH, Li S, Guo YL, et al. Relationship of lipid and lipoprotein ratios with coronary severity in patients with new on-set coronary artery disease complicated with type 2 diabetics. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2016;13(8):685–92.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Raj R, Bhatti JS, Badada SK, Ramteke PW. Genetic basis of dyslipidemia in disease precipitation of coronary artery disease (CAD) associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2015;31(7):663–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mohammadi F, Yadegar A, Rabizadeh S, Ayati A, Seyedi SA, Nabipoorashrafi SA, et al. Correlates of normal and decreased HDL cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes: a cohort-based cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marques LR, Diniz TA, Antunes BM, Rossi FE, Caperuto EC, Lira FS, et al. Reverse Cholesterol Transport: Molecular mechanisms and the non-medical Approach to enhance HDL cholesterol. Front Physiol. 2018;9:526.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Phillips JC, Wriggers W, Li Z, Jonas A, Schulten K. Predicting the structure of apolipoprotein A-I in reconstituted high-density lipoprotein disks. Biophys J. 1997;73(5):2337–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qahremani R, Rabizadeh S, Mirmiranpoor H, Yadegar A, Mohammadi F, Sahebi L, et al. Lipid profile, ox-LDL, and LCAT activity in patients with endometrial carcinoma and type 2 diabetes: the effect of concurrent disease based on a case–control study. Health Sci Rep. 2023;6(9):e1537.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khatana C, Saini NK, Chakrabarti S, Saini V, Sharma A, Saini RV, et al. Mechanistic insights into the Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced atherosclerosis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:5245308.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ouimet M, Barrett TJ, Fisher EA. HDL and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. Circ Res. 2019;124(10):1505–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zamanian-Daryoush M, Lindner D, Tallant TC, Wang Z, Buffa J, Klipfell E, et al. The cardioprotective protein apolipoprotein A1 promotes potent anti-tumorigenic effects. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(29):21237–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Saez Y, Vacas M, Santos M, Saez de Lafuente J, Sagastagoitia J, Molinero E et al. Relation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein A1 levels with presence and severity of coronary obstruction. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2012;2012.

Walldius G, Jungner I. The apoB/apoA-I ratio: a strong, new risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a target for lipid-lowering therapy–a review of the evidence. J Intern Med. 2006;259(5):493–519.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jian Z-H, Lung C-C, Ko P-C, Sun Y-H, Huang J-Y, Ho C-C, et al. The association between the apolipoprotein A1/ high density lipoprotein -cholesterol and diabetes in Taiwan — a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disorders. 2013;13(1):42.

Article  Google Scholar 

Haller PM, Goßling A, Magnussen C, Brenner H, Schöttker B, Iacoviello L, et al. Biomarker-based prediction of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;30(12):1218–26.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saeed A, Sun W, Agarwala A, Virani SS, Nambi V, Coresh J, et al. Lipoprotein(a) levels and risk of cardiovascular disease events in individuals with diabetes mellitus or prediabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Atherosclerosis. 2019;282:52–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Association AD. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes—2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Supplement1):S14–31.

Article  Google Scholar 

Passarella P, Kiseleva TA, Valeeva FV, Gosmanov AR. Hypertension management in diabetes: 2018 update. Diabetes Spectr. 2018;31(3):218–24.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hunter JD, Matplotlib. A 2D graphics environment. Comput Sci Eng. 2007;9(03):90–5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Harris CR, Millman KJ, Van Der Walt SJ, Gommers R, Virtanen P, Cournapeau D, et al. Array programming with NumPy. Nature. 2020;585(7825):357–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A, Michel V, Thirion B, Grisel O, et al. Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J Mach Learn Res. 2011;12:2825–30.

Google Scholar 

McKinney W, editor. Data structures for statistical computing in python. Proceedings of the 9th Python in Science Conference; 2010: Austin, TX.

Nakhjavani M, Nargesi A, Mostafavi E, Mirmiranpour H, Esteghamati A. Gender-related differences in HDL structure with the progression of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord Control. 2015;2:110–5.

Article