Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy Vol. 12(3), pp. 248 - 255
DOI: 10.13189/app.2024.120309
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Mohammad Ibrahim 1,*, Ganesh R Pawar 2, Shabina Khan 3, Mohd Mazhar 4, Sanchita Pathak 5
1 Mothersoul Private Limited, Himalayan Organics, Indore, India
2 Kamlpraksh Pharmacy College and Research Centre, Washim, India
3 Anjuman-I-Islam's Kalsekar Technical Campus, Navi Mumbai, India
4 KR Mangalam University, Gurugram, India
5 Veera Health, Navi Mumbai, India

ABSTRACT

Despite extensive research outcomes, Alzheimer's disease (AD) still affects millions of people with a high risk of mortality and morbidity around the globe. Currently, over 55 million people worldwide suffer from dementia at present, with 60-70% of cases of Alzheimer's affecting low- and middle-income nations. The majority of AD patients still have insufficient access to feasible treatment choices, so further research is required to find a solution. The usage of herbal medicine is becoming more and more popular due to its natural origins and minimal to nonexistent negative effects when compared to synthetic medications. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines may be an excellent substitute for synthetic medicine for preventing AD. Consequently, we came across to investigate in-vitro acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant potential of Ginkgo biloba as well as revealed its pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and action mechanism by using in silico SwissADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), ProTox-II, molecular docking and network pharmacology. The present observations demonstrated that G. biloba has strong dose-dependent inhibitory potential against AChE (IC50 = 258.31) and DPPH-free radical (IC50 = 124.46). The polyphenols (apigenin and rutin) of G. biloba satisfied the pharmacokinetics/toxicity prediction, which met the five rules of Lipinski's with no violations and did not reveal any toxicity. Furthermore, molecular docking and network pharmacology showed that G. biloba polyphenolic compounds could combat AD by acting on key targets and closely related pathways. In a nutshell, it is quite clear that polyphenols found in G. biloba may replace synthetic medications; however, further large-scale clinical research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. These studies will encourage further studies that could lead to the development of potential alternative therapies for the management of AD in the future.

KEYWORDS
Alzheimer's Disease, G. biloba, Apigenin, Rutin, AChE, Computational Studies

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Mohammad Ibrahim , Ganesh R Pawar , Shabina Khan , Mohd Mazhar , Sanchita Pathak , "Therapeutic Lead Identification from Ginkgo biloba against Enzyme Causing Alzheimer's Disease Using in-vitro Studies Integrated Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking," Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 248 - 255, 2024. DOI: 10.13189/app.2024.120309.

(b). APA Format:
Mohammad Ibrahim , Ganesh R Pawar , Shabina Khan , Mohd Mazhar , Sanchita Pathak (2024). Therapeutic Lead Identification from Ginkgo biloba against Enzyme Causing Alzheimer's Disease Using in-vitro Studies Integrated Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 12(3), 248 - 255. DOI: 10.13189/app.2024.120309.