1Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China

2Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China

3Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China

4The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China

Address reprint requests to: Linmao Lyu, PhD, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, China. E-mail: [email protected]

Received 25 Dec 2023; first review completed 16 Jan 2024; accepted in final form 22 Feb 2024

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81600302), Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020QH336, no. ZR2016HB01), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M652399), and Xinxin Green Valley Microcirculation Research Fund (XXLG07).

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Data availability statement: All data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.