Armstrong AW, Read C (2020) Pathophysiology, Clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: a review. JAMA 323:1945–1960

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parisi R, Iskandar IYK, Kontopantelis E, Augustin M, Griffiths CEM, Ashcroft DM, Global Psoriasis A (2020) National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: systematic analysis and modelling study. BMJ 369:m1590-m

Article  Google Scholar 

Greb JE, Goldminz AM, Elder JT, Lebwohl MG, Gladman DD, Wu JJ et al (2016) Psoriasis Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2:16082

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takeshita J, Grewal S, Langan SM, Mehta NN, Ogdie A, Van Voorhees AS, Gelfand JM (2017) Psoriasis and comorbid diseases: epidemiology. J Am Acad Dermatol 76:377–390

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harden JL, Krueger JG, Bowcock AM (2015) The immunogenetics of psoriasis: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 64:66–73

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ran D, Cai M, Zhang X (2019) Genetics of psoriasis: a basis for precision medicine. Precision Clinical Medicine 2:120–130

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tsoi LC, Stuart PE, Tian C, Gudjonsson JE, Das S, Zawistowski M et al (2017) Large scale meta-analysis characterizes genetic architecture for common psoriasis associated variants. Nat Commun 8:15382

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rendon A, Schäkel K (2019) Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment. Int J Mol Sci 20:1475

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Swindell WR, Johnston A, Voorhees JJ, Elder JT, Gudjonsson JE (2013) Dissecting the psoriasis transcriptome: inflammatory- and cytokine-driven gene expression in lesions from 163 patients. BMC Genomics 14:527

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gudjonsson JE, Ding J, Johnston A, Tejasvi T, Guzman AM, Nair RP et al (2010) Assessment of the psoriatic transcriptome in a large sample: additional regulated genes and comparisons with in vitro models. J Invest Dermatol 130:1829–1840

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kabashima K, Honda T, Ginhoux F, Egawa G (2019) The immunological anatomy of the skin. Nat Rev Immunol 19:19–30

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ho AW, Kupper TS (2019) T cells and the skin: from protective immunity to inflammatory skin disorders. Nat Rev Immunol 19:490–502

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belkaid Y, Harrison OJ (2017) Homeostatic immunity and the microbiota. Immunity 46:562–576

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Quaresma JAS (2019) Organization of the skin immune system and compartmentalized immune responses in infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 32:e00034-e118

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clark RA (2010) Skin-resident T cells: the ups and downs of on site immunity. J Invest Dermatol 130:362–370

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kamiya K, Kishimoto M, Sugai J, Komine M, Ohtsuki M (2019) Risk factors for the development of psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 20:4347

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun L, Liu W, Zhang L-J (2019) The role of toll-like receptors in skin host defense, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. J Immunol Res 2019:1824624

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang LJ, Sen GL, Ward NL, Johnston A, Chun K, Chen Y et al (2016) Antimicrobial peptide LL37 and MAVS signaling drive interferon-β production by epidermal keratinocytes during skin injury. Immunity 45:119–130

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lande R, Gregorio J, Facchinetti V, Chatterjee B, Wang YH, Homey B et al (2007) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide. Nature 449:564–569

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu S, Wu F, Wu Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Yu N (2019) IL-17A synergistically enhances TLR3-mediated IL-36γ production by keratinocytes: a potential role in injury-amplified psoriatic inflammation. Exp Dermatol 28:233–239

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Re F, Strominger JL (2001) Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human dendritic cells. J Biol Chem 276:37692–37699

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramirez-Carrozzi V, Sambandam A, Luis E, Lin Z, Jeet S, Lesch J et al (2011) IL-17C regulates the innate immune function of epithelial cells in an autocrine manner. Nat Immunol 12:1159–1166

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krueger JG (2002) The immunologic basis for the treatment of psoriasis with new biologic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol 46:1–23

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krueger JG (2012) Hiding under the skin: a welcome surprise in psoriasis. Nat Med 18:1750–1751

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang A, Fogel AL, Murphy MJ, Panse G, McGeary MK, McNiff JM et al (2021) Cytokine RNA in situ hybridization permits individualized molecular phenotyping in biopsies of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. JID Innovations 1:100021

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nickoloff BJ (1991) The cytokine network in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 127:871–884

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnston A, Guzman AM, Swindell WR, Wang F, Kang S, Gudjonsson JE (2014) Early tissue responses in psoriasis to the antitumour necrosis factor-α biologic etanercept suggest reduced interleukin-17 receptor expression and signalling. Br J Dermatol 171:97–107

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li B, Tsoi LC, Swindell WR, Gudjonsson JE, Tejasvi T, Johnston A et al (2014) Transcriptome analysis of psoriasis in a large case–control sample: RNA-seq provides insights into disease mechanisms. J Investig Dermatol 134:1828–1838

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Natsuaki Y, Egawa G, Nakamizo S, Ono S, Hanakawa S, Okada T et al (2014) Perivascular leukocyte clusters are essential for efficient activation of effector T cells in the skin. Nat Immunol 15:1064–1069

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mee JB, Johnson CM, Morar N, Burslem F, Groves RW (2007) The psoriatic transcriptome closely resembles that induced by interleukin-1 in cultured keratinocytes: dominance of innate immune responses in psoriasis. Am J Pathol 171:32–42

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cai Y, Xue F, Quan C, Qu M, Liu N, Zhang Y et al (2019) A critical role of the IL-1β-IL-1R signaling pathway in skin inflammation and psoriasis pathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 139:146–156

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iznardo H, Puig L (2021) The interleukin-1 family cytokines in psoriasis: pathogenetic role and therapeutic perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 17:187–199

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Witte E, Kokolakis G, Witte K, Philipp S, Doecke WD, Babel N et al (2014) IL-19 is a component of the pathogenetic IL-23/IL-17 cascade in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 134:2757–2767

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Uyemura K, Yamamura M, Fivenson DF, Modlin RL, Nickoloff BJ (1993) The cytokine network in lesional and lesion-free psoriatic skin is characterized by a T-helper type 1 cell-mediated response. J Invest Dermatol 101:701–705

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hahn M, Ghoreschi K (2017) The role of IL-4 in psoriasis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 13:171–173

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Austin LM, Ozawa M, Kikuchi T, Walters IB, Krueger JG (1999) The majority of epidermal T cells in psoriasis vulgaris lesions can produce type 1 cytokines, interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, defining TC1 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) and TH1 effector populations: a type 1 differentiation bias is also measured in circulating blood T cells in psoriatic patients. J Invest Dermatol 113:752–759

Article  CAS  PubMed