Pot AM, Rabheru K, Chew M (2023) Person-centred long-term care for older persons: a new Lancet Commission. Lancet 401(10390):1754–1755. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00920-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Norman K, Haß U, Pirlich M (2021) Malnutrition in older adults-recent advances and remaining challenges. Nutrients 13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764

Cesari M, Araujo de Carvalho I, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Cooper C, Martin FC, Reginster JY et al (2018) Evidence for the domains supporting the construct of intrinsic capacity. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci 73(12):1653–1660. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly011

Article  Google Scholar 

At J, Bryce R, Prina M, Acosta D, Ferri CP, Guerra M et al (2015) Frailty and the prediction of dependence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries: a 10/66 population-based cohort study. BMC Med. ;13:138. https://doi.org/0.1186/s12916-015-0378-4

Cereda E (2012) Mini nutritional assessment. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 15(1):29–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834d7647

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keller U (2019) Nutritional laboratory markers in Malnutrition. J Clin Med 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060775

Tsai AC, Chang TL, Yang TW, Chang-Lee SN, Tsay SF (2010) A modified mini nutritional assessment without BMI predicts nsutritional status of community-living elderly in Taiwan. J Nutr Health Aging 14(3):183–189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-010-0046-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Faria SS, Fernandes PC Jr., Silva MJ, Lima VC, Fontes W, Freitas-Junior R et al (2016) The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: a narrative review. Ecancermedicalscience 10:702. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2016.702

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Buonacera A, Stancanelli B, Colaci M, Malatino L (2022) Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: an emerging marker of the relationships between the Immune System and diseases. Int J Mol Sci 23(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073636

Kaya T, Açıkgöz SB, Yıldırım M, Nalbant A, Altaş AE, Cinemre H (2019) Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and nutritional status in geriatric patients. J Clin Lab Anal 33(1):e22636. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.22636

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rojas WF, Pn EL, Fornasini M et al (2009) S T, P B, EncuestaNacional de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento SABE I Ecuador. –20102010

Amano T, Gallegos CA, Waters WF, Freire WB (2021) Ethnic disparities in Nutritional Status among older adults: evidence from the Survey of Health, Welfare and Aging (SABE) Ecuador. J Gerontol Soc Work 64(2):106–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2020.1814476

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

SENPLADES ECUADOR (2009) Encuesta de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento

Orces CH (2015) Vitamin D status among older adults residing in the Littoral and Andes Mountains in Ecuador. Sci World J 2015:545297. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/545297

Article  Google Scholar 

Khosla T, Lowe CR (1967) Indices of obesity derived from body weight and height. Br J Prev Soc Med 21(3):122–128. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.21.3.122

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

WHO (2006) Global database on body Mass Index: BMI classification. World Health Organization, Geneva

Google Scholar 

Vellas B, Guigoz Y, Garry PJ, Nourhashemi F, Bennahum D, Lauque S et al (1999) The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its use in grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Nutrition 15(2):116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(98)00171-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lawton MP, Brody EM (1969) Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 9(3):179–186

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patrizio E, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Cesari M (2021) Physical Functional Assessment in older adults. J Frailty Aging 10(2):141–149. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2020.61

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garcia-Cifuentes E, David-Pardo DG, Borda MG, Perez-Zepeda MU, Cano-Gutiérrez CA (2017) TWO-WAY bridge between muscular dysfunction and cognitive impairment: secondary analyses of SABE - Bogota Study. J Frailty Aging 6(3):141–143. https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2017.17

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Altman DG (1990) Practical Statistics for Medical Research. Chapman and Hall/CRC, New York

Book  Google Scholar 

Allard JP, Aghdassi E, McArthur M, McGeer A, Simor A, Abdolell M et al (2004) Nutrition risk factors for survival in the elderly living in Canadian long-term care facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc 52(1):59–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52011.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee L-C, Tsai AC-h (2012) Mini-nutritional-assessment (MNA) without body Mass Index (BMI) predicts functional disability in elderly Taiwanese. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 54(3):e405–e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.12.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Donini LM, Poggiogalle E, Morrone A, Scardella P, Piombo L, Neri B et al (2013) Agreement between different versions of MNA. J Nutr Health Aging 17(4):332–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-013-0005-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Michaud M, Balardy L, Moulis G, Gaudin C, Peyrot C, Vellas B et al (2013) Proinflammatory cytokines, aging, and age-related diseases. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14(12):877–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karakonstantis S, Kalemaki D, Tzagkarakis E, Lydakis C (2018) Pitfalls in studies of eosinopenia and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio. Infect Dis 50(3):163–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2017.1388537

Article  Google Scholar 

Ignacio de Ulíbarri J, González-Madroño A, de Villar NG, González P, González B, Mancha A et al (2005) CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population. Nutr Hosp 20(1):38–45

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ng TP, Nyunt MSZ, Gao Q, Wee SL, Yap P, Yap KB (2017) Elderly Nutritional indicators for Geriatric Malnutrition Assessment (ENIGMA): development and validation of a nutritional prognostic index. Clin Nutr ESPEN 22:54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.08.012

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ng T-P, Hai S, Gao Q, Gwee X, Chua DQL, Yap P et al (2022) The Elderly Nutritional Index for Geriatric Malnutrition Assessment (ENIGMA): concurrent, construct and predictive validity in an external evaluation cohort of community-dwelling older persons. Br J Nutr 128(3):509–520. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521003433

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, Anker SD, Bauer JM, Bernabei R et al (2013) Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14(6):392–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.03.022

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gómez-Gómez ME, Zapico SC, Frailty C, Decline (2019) Neurodegenerative diseases and Nutrition interventions. Int J Mol Sci 20(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112842

Santamaria-Garcia H, Sainz-Ballesteros A, Hernandez H, Moguilner S, Maito M, Ochoa-Rosales C et al (2023) Factors associated with healthy aging in latin American populations. Nat Med 29(9):2248–2258. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02495-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Albala C, Lebrão ML, León Díaz EM, Ham-Chande R, Hennis AJ, Palloni A et al (2005) [The Health, Well-Being, and aging (SABE) survey: methodology applied and profile of the study population]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 17(5–6):307–322. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892005000500003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar