aDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;

bWellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;

cDepartment of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; and

dPlatform for Pharmacogenomics Research and Translation (PREMED), University of Cape Town, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.

Correspondence to: Gary Maartens, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa 7925 (e-mail: [email protected]).

Supported by an investigator award from the Wellcome Trust (212265/Z/18/Z). The Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa was supported with core funding from the Wellcome Trust (203135/Z/16/Z). Gr.M. was supported by the Wellcome Trust (214321/Z/18/Z and 203135/Z/16/Z) and the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (Grant No 64787). The University of Cape Town Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (award numbers UM1 AI068634, UM1 AI068636, and UM1 AI106701).

R.G. is an employee of ViiV Healthcare and GSK shareholder since Jan 2023. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.

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