Blakemore SJ, Choudhury S. Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006;47:296–312.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McGrady ME, Hood KK. Depressive symptoms in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: associations with longitudinal outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;88:e35–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Miller L, Campo JV. Depression in adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:445–49.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, Salazar de Pablo G, et al. Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:281–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Christie D, Viner R. Adolescent development. BMJ. 2005;330:301–4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferro MA, Gorter JW, Boyle MH. Trajectories of depressive symptoms during the transition to young adulthood: the role of chronic illness. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:594–601.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390–2.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Petty RE, Laxer RM, Wedderburn LR. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In: Petty RE, Laxer RM, Lindsley CB, Wedderburn LR, et al. editors. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. pp. 188–204.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Fair DC, Rodriguez M, Knight AM, Rubenstein TB. Depression and anxiety in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: current insights and impact on quality of life, a systematic review. Open Access Rheumatol Res Rev. 2019;11:237–52.

Google Scholar 

Davis AM, GrahamTB, Zhu Y, McPheeters ML. Depression and medication nonadherence in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2018;27:1532–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Szulczewski L, Mullins LL, Bidwell SL, Eddington AR, Pai ALH. Meta-analysis: care giver and youth uncertainty in pediatric chronic illness. J Pediatr Psychol. 2016;42:395–421.

Article  Google Scholar 

Banasiak B, Smolewska E, Zygmunt A, Lipińska J, Biernacka-Zielińska M, Stańczyk J. Coping with anxiety and pain by adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Med Lett. 2010;51:1–5.

Google Scholar 

Tarakci E, Yeldan I, Kaya Mutlu E, Baydogan SN, Kasapcopur O. The relationship between physical activity level, anxiety, depression, and functional ability in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30:1415–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hanns L, Cordingley L, Galloway J, Norton S, Carvalho LA, Christie D, et al. Depressive symptoms, pain and disability for adolescent patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from the Childhood Arthritis prospective study. Rheumatology. 2018;57:1381–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hanns L, Radziszewska A, Suffield L, Josephs F, Chaplin H, Peckham H, et al. Association of anxiety with Pain and disability but not with increased measures of inflammation in adolescent patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020;72:1266–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ding T, Hall A, Jacobs K, David J. Psychological functioning of children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is related to physical disability but not to disease status. Rheumatology. 2008;47:660–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fair DC, Nocton JJ, Panepinto JA, Yan K, Zhang J, Rodriguez M, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms in juvenile idiopathic arthritis correlate with pain and stress using PROMIS measures. J Rheumatol. 2022;49:74–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berthold E, Dahlberg A, Jöud A, Tydén H, Månsson B, Kahn F, et al. The risk of depression and anxiety is not increased in individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis – results from the south-swedish juvenile idiopathic arthritis cohort. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2022;20:114.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sengler C, Milatz F, Minden K. Mental health in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases. Screening as an integral part of care. Arthritis und Rheuma. 2022;42:381–88.

Google Scholar 

Foster HE, Minden K, Clemente D, Leon L, McDonagh JE, Kamphuis S, et al. EULAR/PReS standards and recommendations for the transitional care of young people with juvenile-onset rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:639–46.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for depression and suicide risk in children and adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2022;328:1534–42.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cameron FJ, Northam EA, Ambler GR, Daneman D. Routine psychological screening in youth with type 1 diabetes and their parents: a notion whose time has come? Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2716–24.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Quittner AL, Abbott J, Georgiopoulos AM, Goldbeck L, Smith B, Hempstead SE, et al. International Committee on Mental Health in cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and European Cystic Fibrosis Society consensus statements for screening and treating depression and anxiety. Thorax. 2016;71:26–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Minden K, Niewerth M, Listing J, Biedermann T, Bollow M, Schöntube M, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: long-term outcome in JIA. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:2392–401.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klotsche J, Raab A, Niewerth M, Sengler C, Ganser G, Kallinich T, et al. Outcome and Trends in treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the German National Pediatric Rheumatologic Database, 2000–2013. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:3023–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1092–97.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9. Validity of a brief Depression Severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:606–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mossman SA, Luft MJ, Schroeder HK, Varney ST, Fleck DE, Barzman DH, et al. The generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: Signal detection and validation. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2017;29:227–34.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nandakumar AL, Vande Voort JL, Nakonezny PA, Orth SS, Romanowicz M, Sonmez AI, et al. Psychometric Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 modified for major depressive disorder in adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019;29:34–40.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Plummer F, Manea L, Trepel D, McMillan D. Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: a systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2016;39:24–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tschorn M, Rieckmann N, Arolt V, Beer K, Haverkamp W, Martus P, et al. Erkennungsgüte Dreier Deutschsprachiger Screeninginstrumente für Depression Bei Hospitalisierten Patienten Mit Koronarer Herzerkrankung. Psychiatr Prax. 2019;46:41–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Richardson LP, McCauley E, Grossman DC, McCarty CA, Richards J, Russo JE, et al. Evaluation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item for detecting major depression among adolescents. Pediatrics. 2010;126:1117–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D, Geller F, Geiß HC, Hesse V, et al. Perzentile für den body-mass-index für das Kindes- Und Jugendalter Unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde. 2001;149:807–18.

Article  Google Scholar 

Foeldvari I, Ruperto N, Dressler F, Hafner R, Kuster RM, Michels H, et al. The German version of the childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) and the child health questionnaire (CHQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19:S71–5.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Consolaro A, Negro G, Chiara Gallo M, Bracciolini G, Ferrari C, Schiappapietra B, et al. Defining criteria for disease activity states in nonsystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis based on a three-variable juvenile arthritis disease activity score. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66:1703–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trincianti C, Van Dijkhuizen EHP, Alongi A, Mazzoni M, Swart JF, Nikishina I, et al. Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation. Definition and validation of the American College of Rheumatology 2021 Juvenile Arthritis Disease activity score cutoffs for Disease Activity States in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73:1966–75.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/336656. Accessed 25 Jun 2023.

Finger JD, Varnaccia G, Borrmann A, Lange C, Mensink GBM. Physical activity among children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study and trends. J Health Monit. 2018;3:23–30.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mullick MS, Nahar JS, Haq SA. Psychiatric morbidity, stressors, impact, and burden in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Health Popul Nutr. 2005;23:142–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bomba M, Meini A, Molinaro A, Cattalini M, Oggiano S, Fazzi E, et al. Body experiences, emotional competence, and psychosocial functioning in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33:2045–52.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oommen PT, Klotsche J, Dressler F, Foeldvari I, Foell D, Horneff G, et al. Frequency of depressive and anxious symptoms in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) – data from the Inception Cohort of newly diagnosed patients with JIA (ICON). Annals Rheumatic Dis. 2022;81:143.

Article