Rao BH. Global burden of sudden cardiac death and insights from India. Indian Heart J. 2014;66 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S18-23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hua W, Zhang LF, Wu YF, Liu XQ, Guo DS, Zhou HL, Gou ZP, Zhao LC, Niu HX, Chen KP, et al. Incidence of sudden cardiac death in China: analysis of 4 regional populations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(12):1110–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayashi M, Shimizu W, Albert CM. The spectrum of epidemiology underlying sudden cardiac death. Circ Research. 2015;116(12):1887–906.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Murakoshi N, Aonuma K. Epidemiology of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in Asia. Circ J. 2013;77(10):2419–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel NJ, Edla S, Deshmukh A, Nalluri N, Patel N, Agnihotri K, Patel A, Savani C, Patel N, Bhimani R, et al. Gender, racial, and health insurance differences in the trend of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) utilization: a United States experience over the last decade. Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(2):63–71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang S, Singh B, Rodriguez DA, Chasnoits AR, Hussin A, Ching CK, Huang D, Liu YB, Cerkvenik J, Willey S, et al. Improve the prevention of sudden cardiac arrest in emerging countries: the Improve SCA clinical study design. Europace. 2015;17(11):1720–6.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang S, Ching CK, Huang D, Liu YB, Rodriguez-Guerrero DA, Hussin A, Kim YH, Chasnoits AR, Cerkvenik J, Lexcen DR, et al. Utilization of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in emerging countries: Improve SCA clinical trial. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(3):468–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. New Engl J Med. 2002;346(12):877–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, Quigg R, Estes NA, Anderson KP, Calkins H, Hoch D, Goldberger J, Shalaby A, et al. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(21):2151–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, Carson P, DiCarlo L, DeMets D, White BG, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(21):2140–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saxon LA, Bristow MR, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T, Carson P, DiCarlo L, Feldman AM, Galle E, et al. Predictors of sudden cardiac death and appropriate shock in the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) Trial. Circulation. 2006;114(25):2766–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, Domanski M, Troutman C, Anderson J, Johnson G, et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. New Engl J Med. 2005;352(3):225–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kober L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbaek L, Korup E, Jensen G, Hildebrandt P, Steffensen FH, Bruun NE, et al. Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(13):1221–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zabel M, Willems R, Lubinski A, Bauer A, Brugada J, Conen D, Flevari P, Hasenfuss G, Svetlosak M, Huikuri HV, et al. Clinical effectiveness of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results of the EU-CERT-ICD controlled multicentre cohort study. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(36):3437–47.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

MacDonald MR, Tay WT, Teng TK, Anand I, Ling LH, Yap J, Tromp J, Wander GS, Naik A, Ngarmukos T, et al. Regional variation of mortality in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction across Asia: outcomes in the ASIAN-HF registry. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(1):e012199.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lam CS, Teng TK, Tay WT, Anand I, Zhang S, Shimizu W, Narasimhan C, Park SW, Yu CM, Ngarmukos T, et al. Regional and ethnic differences among patients with heart failure in Asia: the Asian sudden cardiac death in heart failure registry. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(41):3141–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chia YMF, Teng TK, Tan ESJ, Tay WT, Richards AM, Chin CWL, Shimizu W, Park SW, Hung CL, Ling LH, et al. Disparity between indications for and utilization of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Asian patients with heart failure. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(11):e003651.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599–726.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Packer DL, Prutkin JM, Hellkamp AS, Mitchell LB, Bernstein RC, Wood F, Boehmer JP, Carlson MD, Frantz RP, McNulty SE, et al. Impact of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, amiodarone, and placebo on the mode of death in stable patients with heart failure: analysis from the sudden cardiac death in heart failure trial. Circulation. 2009;120(22):2170–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zheng ZJ, Croft JB, Giles WH, Mensah GA. Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998. Circulation. 2001;104(18):2158–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khoo CY, Allen JC, Chia SY, Chan LL, Lim CP, Sim D, Ching CK. Mortality outcome and predictive risk factors for death in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction who declined implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in Singapore. J Arrhythmia. 2018;34(5):536–40.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Colvin MM, Drazner MH, Filippatos GS, Fonarow GC, Givertz MM, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 2017;136(6):e137–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boriani G, De Ponti R, Guerra F, Palmisano P, Zanotto G, D’Onofrio A, Ricci RP. Sinergy between drugs and devices in the fight against sudden cardiac death and heart failure. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28(1):110–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El-Battrawy I, Pilsinger C, Liebe V, Lang S, Kuschyk J, Zhou X, Borggrefe M, Röger S, Akin I. Impact of sacubitril/valsartan on the long-term incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in chronic heart failure patients. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1582.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, Hedges J, Powell JL, Aufderheide TP, Rea T, Lowe R, Brown T, Dreyer J, et al. Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. JAMA. 2008;300(12):1423–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Teng TK, Tromp J, Tay WT, Anand I, Ouwerkerk W, Chopra V, Wander GS, Yap JJ, MacDonald MR, Xu CF, et al. Prescribing patterns of evidence-based heart failure pharmacotherapy and outcomes in the ASIAN-HF registry: a cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(9):e1008–18.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eckert H, El-Battrawy I, Veith M, Roterberg G, Kowitz J, Lang S, Zhou X, Akin I, Mügge A, Aweimer A. Pooled analysis of complications with transvenous ICD compared to subcutaneous ICD in patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia. J Pers Med. 2022;12(4):536.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

El-Battrawy I, Besler J, Ansari U, Liebe V, Schimpf R, Tülümen E, Rudic B, Lang S, Odening K, Cyganek L, et al. Long-term follow-up of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in Short QT syndrome. Clin Res Cardiol. 2019;108(10):1140–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar