aDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY

bDepartment of Medicine, Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL

cJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD

dDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC

eDepartment of Urban-Global Public Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ

fDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY

gDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA

hDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA

iDepartment of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC

jDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

kCardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System

lDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

mDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY

nDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL

oDepartment of Family, Community, and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Correspondence to Allison A. Appleton, ScD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA. Tel: +1 518 402 0372; fax: +1 518 402 0380; e-mail: [email protected]

Received 15 August, 2023

Revised 11 December, 2023

Accepted 14 December, 2023

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