Moris D, Palta M, Kim C, Allen PJ, Morse MA, Lidsky ME. Advances in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an overview of the current and future therapeutic landscape for clinicians. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73:198–222.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sirica AE, Gores GJ, Groopman JD, Selaru FM, Strazzabosco M, Wei Wang X, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: continuing challenges and translational advances. Hepatology. 2019;69:1803–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jarnagin WR, Fong Y, DeMatteo RP, Gonen M, Burke EC, Bodniewicz BJ, et al. Staging, resectability, and outcome in 225 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2001;234:507–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, et al. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N. Engl J Med. 2010;362:1273–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lamarca A, Palmer DH, Wasan HS, Ross PJ, Ma YT, Arora A, et al. Second-line FOLFOX chemotherapy versus active symptom control for advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC-06): a phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:690–701.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, et al. SWOG S0809: a phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2617–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Cubillos-Ruiz JR. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signals in the tumour and its microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer. 2021;21:71–88.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harding HP, Zhang Y, Ron D. Protein translation and folding are coupled by an endoplasmic-reticulum-resident kinase. Nature. 1999;397:271–4.

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen J, Chen X, Hendershot L, Prywes R. ER stress regulation of ATF6 localization by dissociation of BiP/GRP78 binding and unmasking of Golgi localization signals. Dev Cell. 2002;3:99–111.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shoulders MD, Ryno LM, Genereux JC, Moresco JJ, Tu PG, Wu C, et al. Stress-independent activation of XBP1s and/or ATF6 reveals three functionally diverse ER proteostasis environments. Cell Rep. 2013;3:1279–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Walter P, Ron D. The unfolded protein response: from stress pathway to homeostatic regulation. Science. 2011;334:1081–6.

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Bettigole SE, Glimcher LH. Tumorigenic and immunosuppressive effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer. Cell. 2017;168:692–706.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hou X, Liu Y, Liu H, Chen X, Liu M, Che H, et al. PERK silence inhibits glioma cell growth under low glucose stress by blockage of p-AKT and subsequent HK2’s mitochondria translocation. Sci Rep. 2015;5:9065.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hetz C, Papa FR. The unfolded protein response and cell fate control. Mol Cell. 2018;69:169–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bu Y, Diehl JA. PERK integrates oncogenic signaling and cell survival during cancer development. J Cell Physiol. 2016;231:2088–96.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schewe DM, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. ATF6alpha-Rheb-mTOR signaling promotes survival of dormant tumor cells in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:10519–24.

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Suwanmanee G, Yosudjai J, Phimsen S, Wongkham S, Jirawatnotai S, Kaewkong W. Upregulation of AGR2vH facilitates cholangiocarcinoma cell survival under endoplasmic reticulum stress via the activation of the unfolded protein response pathway. Int J Mol Med. 2020;45:669–77.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoffmeister-Wittmann P, Mock A, Nichetti F, Korell F, Heilig CE, Scherr AL, et al. Bcl-x(L) as prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int. 2022;42:2855–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feng YX, Sokol ES, Del Vecchio CA, Sanduja S, Claessen JH, Proia TA, et al. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition activates PERK-eIF2alpha and sensitizes cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cancer Discov. 2014;4:702–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li H, Song H, Luo J, Liang J, Zhao S, Su R. Knockdown of glucose-regulated protein 78 decreases the invasion, metalloproteinase expression and ECM degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2012;31:39.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao G, Kang J, Xu G, Wei J, Wang X, Jing X, et al. Tunicamycin promotes metastasis through upregulating endoplasmic reticulum stress induced GRP78 expression in thyroid carcinoma. Cell Biosci. 2020;10:115.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Escobar Galvis ML, Jia J, Zhang X, Jastrebova N, Spillmann D, Gottfridsson E, et al. Transgenic or tumor-induced expression of heparanase upregulates sulfation of heparan sulfate. Nat Chem Biol. 2007;3:773–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fairbanks MB, Mildner AM, Leone JW, Cavey GS, Mathews WR, Drong RF, et al. Processing of the human heparanase precursor and evidence that the active enzyme is a heterodimer. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:29587–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bohlmann L, Tredwell GD, Yu X, Chang CW, Haselhorst T, Winger M, et al. Functional and structural characterization of a heparanase. Nat Chem Biol. 2015;11:955–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weissmann M, Arvatz G, Horowitz N, Feld S, Naroditsky I, Zhang Y, et al. Heparanase-neutralizing antibodies attenuate lymphoma tumor growth and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:704–9.

Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zheng L, Jiao W, Song H, Qu H, Li D, Mei H, et al. miRNA-558 promotes gastric cancer progression through attenuating Smad4-mediated repression of heparanase expression. Cell Death Dis. 2016;7:e2382.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu M, Xu X, Peng K, Hou P, Yuan Y, Li S, et al. Heparanase modulates the prognosis and development of BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer by regulating AKT/p27Kip1/Cyclin E2 pathway. Oncogenesis 2022;11:58.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zahavi T, Salmon-Divon M, Salgado R, Elkin M, Hermano E, Rubinstein AM, et al. Heparanase: a potential marker of worse prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2021;7:67.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Cheng B, Dai D, Wu Y, Feng Z, Tong C, et al. Heparanase induces necroptosis of microvascular endothelial cells to promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Discov. 2021;7:33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vlodavsky I, Goldshmidt O, Zcharia E, Atzmon R, Rangini-Guatta Z, Elkin M, et al. Mammalian heparanase: involvement in cancer metastasis, angiogenesis and normal development. Semin Cancer Biol. 2002;12:121–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goldberg R, Meirovitz A, Hirshoren N, Bulvik R, Binder A, Rubinstein AM, et al. Versatile role of heparanase in inflammation. Matrix Biol. 2013;32:234–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernfield M, Gotte M, Park PW, Reizes O, Fitzgerald ML, Lincecum J, et al. Functions of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Annu Rev Biochem. 1999;68:729–77.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hammond E, Khurana A, Shridhar V, Dredge K. The role of heparanase and sulfatases in the modification of heparan sulfate proteoglycans within the tumor microenvironment and opportunities for novel cancer therapeutics. Front Oncol. 2014;4:195.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ilan N, Elkin M, Vlodavsky I. Regulation, function and clinical significance of heparanase in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38:2018–39.

Article  CAS  PubMed