Organization WH. Report on the burden of endemic health care-associated infection worldwide [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2011 [cited 2021 Apr 28]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/80135.

Suetens C, Latour K, Kärki T, Ricchizzi E, Kinross P, Moro ML, et al. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017. Eurosurveillance. 2018;23(46):1800516.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zarb P, Coignard B, Griskeviciene J, Muller A, Vankerckhoven V, Weist K, et al. The European centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) pilot point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use. Eurosurveillance. 2012;17(46):20316.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units -. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2017 [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 May 23]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/healthcare-associated-infections-intensive-care-units-annual-epidemiological-1.

Schreiber PW, Sax H, Wolfensberger A, Clack L, Kuster SP, Swissnoso. The preventable proportion of healthcare-associated infections 2005–2016: systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018;39(11):1277–95.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dimick JB, Pelz RK, Consunji R, Swoboda SM, Hendrix CW, Lipsett PA. Increased resource use associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection in the surgical intensive care unit. Arch Surg. 2001;136(2):229–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Olaechea PM, Palomar M, Álvarez-Lerma F, Otal JJ, Insausti J, López-Pueyo MJ, et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with primary and catheter-related bloodstream infections in critically ill patients. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2013;26(1):21–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ziegler MJ, Pellegrini DC, Safdar N. Attributable mortality of central line associated bloodstream infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection. 2015;43(1):29–36.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zimlichman E, Henderson D, Tamir O, Franz C, Song P, Yamin CK, et al. Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(22):2039–46.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stevens V, Geiger K, Concannon C, Nelson RE, Brown J, Dumyati G. Inpatient costs, mortality and 30-day re-admission in patients with central-line-associated bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(5):O318–324.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

BSI| PSC| NHSN| CDC [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 May 25]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/psc/bsi/index.html.

Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O’Grady NP, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(1):1–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bae S, Kim Y, Chang HH, Kim S, Kim HJ, Jeon H, et al. The effect of the multimodal intervention including an automatic notification of catheter days on reducing central line-related bloodstream infection: a retrospective, observational, quasi-experimental study. BMC Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):604.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Mourik MSM, van Rooden SM, Abbas M, Aspevall O, Astagneau P, Bonten MJM, et al. PRAISE: providing a roadmap for automated infection surveillance in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(Suppl 1):3–19.

Article  Google Scholar 

Verberk JDM, Aghdassi SJS, Abbas M, Nauclér P, Gubbels S, Maldonado N, et al. Automated surveillance systems for healthcare-associated infections: results from a European survey and experiences from real-life utilization. J Hosp Infect. 2022;122:35–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

crd [Internet]. [cited 2023 Sep 28]. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=299641.

Januel JM, Lotfinejad N, Grant R, Tschudin-Sutter S, Schreiber PW, Grandbastien B, et al. Predictive performance of automated surveillance algorithms for intravascular catheter bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023;12(1):87.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bellini C, Petignat C, Francioli P, Wenger A, Bille J, Klopotov A, et al. Comparison of automated strategies for surveillance of nosocomial bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28(9):1030–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bouam S, Girou E, Brun-Buisson C, Karadimas H, Lepage E. An intranet-based automated system for the surveillance of nosocomial infections: prospective validation compared with physicians’ self-reports. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24(1):51–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trick WE, Zagorski BM, Tokars JI, Vernon MO, Welbel SF, Wisniewski MF, et al. Computer algorithms to detect bloodstream infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(9):1612–20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Woeltje KF, Butler AM, Goris AJ, Tutlam NT, Doherty JA, Westover MB, et al. Automated surveillance for central line-associated bloodstream infection in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(9):842–6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kaiser AM, de Jong E, Evelein-Brugman SF, Peppink JM, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Girbes AR. Development of trigger-based semi-automated surveillance of ventilator-associated pneumonia and central line-associated bloodstream infections in a Dutch intensive care. Ann Intensiv Care. 2014;4(1):40.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hota B, Lin M, Doherty JA, Borlawsky T, Woeltje K, Stevenson K, et al. Formulation of a model for automating infection surveillance: algorithmic detection of central-line associated bloodstream infection. J Am Med Inf Assoc. 2010;17(1):42–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Woeltje KF, McMullen KM, Butler AM, Goris AJ, Doherty JA. Electronic surveillance for healthcare-associated central line-associated bloodstream infections outside the intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011;32(11):1086–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Snyders RE, Goris AJ, Gase KA, Leone CL, Doherty JA, Woeltje KF. Increasing the Reliability of Fully Automated Surveillance for Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1396–400.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin MY, Woeltje KF, Khan YM, Hota B, Doherty JA, Borlawsky TB, et al. Multicenter evaluation of computer automated versus traditional surveillance of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014;35(12):1483–90.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Buetti N, Timsit JF. Management and Prevention of central venous catheter-related infections in the ICU. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;40(4):508–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peterson LR, Smith BA. Nonutility of catheter tip cultures for the diagnosis of central line-associated bloodstream infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(3):492–3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tejedor SC, Garrett G, Jacob JT, Meyer E, Reyes MD, Robichaux C, et al. Electronic documentation of central venous catheter-days: validation is essential. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013;34(9):900–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar