Tuttolomondo A, Casuccio A, Della Corte V, Maida C, Pecoraro R, Di Raimondo D, et al. Endothelial function and arterial stiffness indexes in subjects with acute ischemic stroke: relationship with TOAST subtype. Atherosclerosis. 2017;256:94–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vaccarino V, Holford TR, Krumholz HM. Pulse pressure and risk for myocardial infarction and heart failure in the elderly. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:130–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979). 2001;37:1236–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1318–27.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Dayem SM, Battah AA, El Bohy Ael M, El Shehaby A, El Ghaffar EA. Relationship of plasma level of chemerin and vaspin to early atherosclerotic changes and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in adolescent type 1 diabetic patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015;28:265–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Bortel LM, Struijker-Boudier HA, Safar ME. Pulse pressure, arterial stiffness, and drug treatment of hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979). 2001;38:914–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laurent S, Chatellier G, Azizi M, Calvet D, Choukroun G, Danchin N, et al. SPARTE study: normalization of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension at medium to very high risk. Hypertension. 2021;78:983–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Toto-Moukouo JJ, Achimastos A, Asmar RG, Hugues CJ, Safar ME. Pulse wave velocity in patients with obesity and hypertension. Am heart J. 1986;112:136–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirai T, Sasayama S, Kawasaki T, Yagi S. Stiffness of systemic arteries in patients with myocardial infarction. A noninvasive method to predict severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1989;80:78–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lehmann ED, Gosling RG, Sönksen PH. Arterial wall compliance in diabetes. Diabet Med. 1992;9:114–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lehmann ED, Watts GF, Gosling RG. Aortic distensibility and hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet. 1992;340:1171–2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tropeano AI, Boutouyrie P, Pannier B, Joannides R, Balkestein E, Katsahian S, et al. Brachial pressure-independent reduction in carotid stiffness after long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in diabetic hypertensives. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979). 2006;48:80–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ong KT, Delerme S, Pannier B, Safar ME, Benetos A, Laurent S, et al. Aortic stiffness is reduced beyond blood pressure lowering by short-term and long-term antihypertensive treatment: a meta-analysis of individual data in 294 patients. J Hypertens. 2011;29:1034–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ben-Shlomo Y, Spears M, Boustred C, May M, Anderson SG, Benjamin EJ, et al. Aortic pulse wave velocity improves cardiovascular event prediction: an individual participant meta-analysis of prospective observational data from 17,635 subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:636–46.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Townsend RR, Wilkinson IB, Schiffrin EL, Avolio AP, Chirinos JA, Cockcroft JR, et al. Recommendations for Improving and Standardizing Vascular Research on Arterial Stiffness: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979). 2015;66:698–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verwoert GC, Elias-Smale SE, Rizopoulos D, Koller MT, Steyerberg EW, Hofman A, et al. Does aortic stiffness improve the prediction of coronary heart disease in elderly? The Rotterdam Study. J Hum Hypertens. 2012;26:28–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohkuma T, Ninomiya T, Tomiyama H, Kario K, Hoshide S, Kita Y, et al. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and the risk prediction of cardiovascular disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979). 2017;69:1045–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, et al. Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res. 2002;25:359–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee JW, Lee DC, Im JA, Shim JY, Kim SM, Lee HR. Insulin resistance is associated with arterial stiffness independent of obesity in male adolescents. Hypertens Res. 2007;30:5–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van de Laar RJ, Stehouwer CD, Boreham CA, Murray LM, Schalkwijk CG, Prins MH, et al. Continuing smoking between adolescence and young adulthood is associated with higher arterial stiffness in young adults: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. J Hypertens. 2011;29:2201–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu S, Huang Z, Yang X, Zhou Y, Wang A, Chen L, et al. Prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health and its relationship with the 4-year cardiovascular events in a northern Chinese industrial city. Circ Cardiovasc Qual outcomes. 2012;5:487–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu S, Li Y, Jin C, Yang P, Li D, Li H, et al. Intra-individual variability of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Chinese general population. Int J Cardiol. 2012;157:75–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li W, Jin C, Vaidya A, Wu Y, Rexrode K, Zheng X, et al. Blood Pressure Trajectories and the Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction: A Prospective Study. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979). 2017;70:508–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng M, Zhang X, Chen S, Song Y, Zhao Q, Gao X, et al. Arterial stiffness preceding diabetes: a longitudinal study. Circ Res. 2020;127:1491–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen S, Li W, Jin C, Vaidya A, Gao J, Yang H, et al. Resting heart rate trajectory pattern predicts arterial stiffness in a community-based Chinese cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017;37:359–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou Z, Xing AJ, Zhang JN, Xia WH, Su C, Xu SY, et al. Hypertension, Arterial Stiffness, and Clinical Outcomes: A Cohort Study of Chinese Community-Based Population. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979). 2021;78:333–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hirayama Y, et al. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a marker of atherosclerotic vascular damage and cardiovascular risk. Hypertens Res. 2003;26:615–22.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tian X, Zuo Y, Chen S, Liu Q, Tao B, Wu S, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index is associated with the risk of myocardial infarction: an 11-year prospective study in the Kailuan cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20:19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang A, Sun Y, Liu X, Su Z, Li J, Luo Y, et al. Changes in proteinuria and the risk of myocardial infarction in people with diabetes or pre-diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017;16:104.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zuo Y, Li H, Chen S, Tian X, Mo D, Wu S, et al. Joint association of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic health status with incidence of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study. Endocrine. 2021;75:82–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ren Y, Zuo Y. Diabetes modifies the association of prehypertension with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021;23:1221–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stroke–1989. Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders. Stroke. 1989;20:1407–31.

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Rajakangas AM, Pajak A. Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation. 1994;90:583–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang C, Yuan Y, Zheng M, Pan A, Wang M, Zhao M, et al. Association of age of onset of hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:2921–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shahin Y, Khan JA, Chetter I. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors effect on arterial stiffness and wave reflections: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials. Atherosclerosis. 2012;221:18–33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang G, Fan Y, Qiu Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Wang Z, et al. Allisartan isoproxil improves endothelial function and vascular damage in patients with essential hypertension: a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Adv Ther. 2020;37:3551–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed