The contribution of sodium reduction and potassium increase to the blood pressure lowering observed in the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study

Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. BMJ. 1988;297:319–28.

Huang L, Trieu K, Yoshimura S, Neal B, Woodward M, Campbell NRC, et al. Effect of dose and duration of reduction in dietary sodium on blood pressure levels: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2020;368:m315.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Filippini T, Violi F, D’Amico R, Vinceti M. The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2017;230:127–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hernandez AV, Emonds EE, Chen BA, Zavala-Loayza AJ, Thota P, Pasupuleti V, et al. Effect of low-sodium salt substitutes on blood pressure, detected hypertension, stroke and mortality. Heart. 2019;105:953–60.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Neal B, Wu Y, Feng X, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Shi J, et al. Effect of salt substitution on cardiovascular events and death. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:1067–77.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender T, Emberson J, et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;387:957–67.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Neal B, Tian M, Li N, Elliott P, Yan LL, Darwin RL, et al. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS)—A large-scale cluster randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J. 2017;188:109–17.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. Guideline: sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); 2012.

World Health Organization. Guideline: potassium intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); 2012.

Lucko AM, Doktorchik C, Woodward M, Cogswell M, Neal B, Rabi D, et al. Percentage of ingested sodium excreted in 24-hour urine collections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens. 2018;20:1220–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Turban S, Miller ER 3rd, Ange B, Appel LJ. Racial differences in urinary potassium excretion. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:1396–402.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:3–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Graudal N, Jurgens G, Alderman MH. Letter to the editor: salt substitute and cardiovascular events and death. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:2491–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

He FJ, Li J, Macgregor GA. Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2013;346:f1325.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Filippini T, Naska A, Kasdagli MI, Torres D, Lopes C, Carvalho C, et al. Potassium intake and blood pressure: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:e015719.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yin X, Rodgers A, Perkovic A, Huang L, Li KC, Yu J, et al. Effects of salt substitutes on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2022;108:1608–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Colonescu C Chapter 5: The Multiple Regression Model, in Principles of Econometrics with R 2016 https://bookdown.org/ccolonescu/RPoE4/.

R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2021.

Balduzzi S, Rücker G, Schwarzer G. How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial. Evid-Based Ment Health. 2019;22:153–60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw. 2015;67:1–48.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sjoberg DD, Whiting K, Curry M, Lavery JA, Larmarange J. Reproducible summary tables with the gtsummary package. R J. 2021;13:570–80.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gritter M, Rotmans JI, Hoorn EJ. Role of dietary K(+) in natriuresis, blood pressure reduction, cardiovascular protection, and renoprotection. Hypertension. 2019;73:15–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grimm PR, Tatomir A, Rosenbaek LL, Kim BY, Li D, Delpire EJ, et al. Dietary potassium stimulates Ppp1Ca-Ppp1r1a dephosphorylation of kidney NaCl cotransporter and reduces blood pressure. J Clin Invest. 2023;133:e158498.

Terker AS, Zhang C, McCormick JA, Lazelle RA, Zhang C, Meermeier NP, et al. Potassium modulates electrolyte balance and blood pressure through effects on distal cell voltage and chloride. Cell Metab. 2015;21:39–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Weinstein AM. A mathematical model of the rat kidney. IV. Whole kidney response to hyperkalemia. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2022;322:F225–F44.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Demigne C, Sabboh H, Remesy C, Meneton P. Protective effects of high dietary potassium: nutritional and metabolic aspects. J Nutr. 2004;134:2903–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif