Early Mobilization in Neurocritical Care

Kho ME, Molloy AJ, Clarke FJ, et al. Multicentre pilot randomised clinical trial of early in-bed cycle ergometry with ventilated patients. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2019;6(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000383

Maffei P, Wiramus S, Bensoussan L, et al. Intensive Early rehabilitation in the intensive care unit for liver transplant recipients: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.01.028

McWilliams D, Jones C, Atkins G, et al. Earlier and enhanced rehabilitation of mechanically ventilated patients in critical care: a feasibility randomised controlled trial. J Crit Care. 2018;44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.01.001

Sarfati C, Moore A, Pilorge C, et al. Efficacy of early passive tilting in minimizing icu-acquired weakness: a randomized controlled trial. J Crit Care. 2018;46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.03.031

Denehy L, Lanphere J, Needham DM. Ten reasons why ICU patients should be mobilized early. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-016-4513-2

Lyles YM. Physiology and complications of bed rest. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988;36(11). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb04375.x

Fortney SM, Schneider VS, Greenleaf JE. The physiology of bed rest. Comprehen Physiol. 1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.cp040239

Cumming TB, Churilov L, Collier J, et al. Early mobilization and quality of life after stroke: findings from AVERT. Neurology. 2019;93(7). https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007937

Morris PE, Goad A, Thompson C, et al. Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(8). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e318180b90e

Needham DM, Korupolu R, Zanni JM, et al. Early physical medicine and rehabilitation for patients with acute respiratory failure: a quality improvement project. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.01.002

Brower RG. Consequences of bed rest. In: Critical Care Medicine. Vol 37. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b6e30a

Rochester CL. Rehabilitation in the intensive care unit. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;30(6). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1242635

Needham DM. Mobilizing patients in the intensive care unit: Improving neuromuscular weakness and physical function. JAMA. 2008;300(14). https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.14.1685

Desai S V., Law TJ, Needham DM. Long-term complications of critical care. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(2). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181fd66e5

• Hodgson CL, Berney S, Harrold M, Saxena M, Bellomo R. Clinical review: early patient mobilization in the ICU. Crit Care. 2012;17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/cc11820. The authors conducted an RCT entitled Treatment of Mechanically Ventilated Adults with Early Activity and Mobilization (TEAM trial) composed of 750 ICU patients that were mechanically ventilated and found that there was no statistical significance in active and early mobilization regarding mortality, ICU length of stay, and ventilator free days. In addition, 8 serious adverse effects requiring critical intervention were reported related to early mobilization, 7 of which were in the early mobilized intervention group.

Olkowski BF, Devine MA, Slotnick LE, et al. Safety and feasibility of an early mobilization program for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Phys Ther. 2013;93(2). https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110334

Dean E, Butcher S. Mobilization and exercise: physiological basis for assessment, evaluation, and training. In: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy Evidence to Practice. 5th ed. 2015:244–272.

Da Conceição TMA, Gonzáles AI, De Figueiredo FCXS, Rocha Vieira DS, Bündchen DC. Safety criteria to start early mobilization in intensive care units. Systematic review. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2017;29(4). https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507X.20170076

Cuthbertson BH, Goddard S. Benefits and harms of early rehabilitation. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Dec;43(12):1878–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-4904-z. Epub 2017 Aug 24. PMID: 28840265.

Swanson EW, Mascitelli J, Stiefel M, et al. Patient transport and brain oxygen in comatose patients. Neurosurgery. 2010;66(5). https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000368543.59446.A4

Karic T, Sorteberg A, Haug Nordenmark T, Becker F, Roe C. Early rehabilitation in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(16). https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2014.966162

Schweickert WD, Jablonski J, Bayes B, et al. Structured mobilization for critically ill patients: a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;208(1):49–58. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202209-1763OC.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ely EW. The ABCDEF bundle: Science and philosophy of how ICU liberation serves patients and families. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(2). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002175

Marra A, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP, Patel MB. The ABCDEF Bundle in Critical Care. Crit Care Clin. 2017;33(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2016.12.005

Balas MC, Vasilevskis EE, Olsen KM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium monitoring/management, and early exercise/mobility bundle. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000000129

Barnes-Daly MA, Phillips G, Ely EW. Improving hospital survival and reducing brain dysfunction at Seven California Community Hospitals: implementing PAD guidelines via the ABCDEF bundle in 6,064 patients. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(2). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002149

Trogrlić Z, van der Jagt M, Bakker J, et al. A systematic review of implementation strategies for assessment, prevention, and management of ICU delirium and their effect on clinical outcomes. Crit Care. 2015;19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-0886-9

Klompas M, Anderson D, Trick W, et al. The preventability of ventilator-associated events: the CDC prevention epicenters wake up and breathe collaborative. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(3). https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201407-1394OC

Kress JP, Hall JB. ICU-acquired weakness and recovery from critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(17). https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1209390

Griffiths RD, Palmer TEA, Helliwell T, MacLennan P, MacMillan RR. Effect of passive stretching on the wasting of muscle in the critically ill. Nutrition. 1995;11(5). https://doi.org/10.1042/cs083013pc

Burtin C, Clerckx B, Robbeets C, et al. Early exercise in critically ill patients enhances short-term functional recovery. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(9):2499–505. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a38937.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morris PE, Griffin L, Berry M, et al. Receiving early mobility during an intensive care unit admission is a predictor of improved outcomes in acute respiratory failure. Am J Med Sci. 2011;341(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31820ab4f6

Mentzelopoulos SD, Roussos C, Zakynthinos SG. Static pressure volume curves and body posture in acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med. 2005;31(12):1683–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2838-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burns SM, Egloff MB, Ryan B, Carpenter R, Burns JE. Effect of body position on spontaneous respiratory rate and tidal volume in patients with obesity, abdominal distension and ascites. Am J Crit Care. 1994;3(2). https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1994.3.2.102

Carlson E V., Kemp MG, Shott S. Predicting the risk of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care. 1999;8(4). https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1999.8.4.262

Peerless JR, Davies A, Klein D, Yu D. Skin complications in the intensive care unit. Clin Chest Med. 1999;20(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70152-0

Convertino VA, Bloomfield SA, Greenleaf JE. An overview of the issues: physiological effects of bed rest and restricted physical activity. In: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199702000-00004

Bergel RR. Disabling effects of inactivity and importance of physical conditioning: a historical perspective. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1990;16(4).

Salluh JIF, Wang H, Schneider EB, et al. Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Online). 2015;350:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2538.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pandharipande PP, Girard TD, Jackson JC, et al. Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(14). https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1301372

Wang J, Ren D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Xiao Q. Effects of early mobilization on the prognosis of critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103708

Girard TD, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, et al. Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(7). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e47be1

Andrew MK, Freter SH, Rockwood K. Incomplete functional recovery after delirium in elderly people: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2005;5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-5-5

Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. www.thelancet.com. 2009;373. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140

Hunter A, Johnson L, Coustasse A. Reduction of intensive care unit length of stay: the case of early mobilization. Health Care Manager. 2014;33(2):128–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Routsi C, Gerovasili V, Vasileiadis I, et al. Electrical muscle stimulation prevents critical illness polyneuromyopathy: a randomized parallel intervention trial. 2010;14. http://ccforum.com/content/14/2/R74

Herridge MS. Prognostication and intensive care unit outcome: the evolving role of scoring systems. Clin Chest Med. 2003;24(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-5231(03)00094-7

Hsieh SJ, Otusanya O, Gershengorn HB, et al. Staged Implementation of awakening and breathing, coordination, delirium monitoring and management, and early mobilization bundle improves patient outcomes and reduces hospital costs. Crit Care Med. 2019;47(7). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000003765

Castro-Avila AC, Serón P, Fan E, Gaete M, Mickan S. Effect of early rehabilitation during intensive care unit stay on functional status: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130722

Doiron KA, Hoffmann TC, Beller EM. Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2018(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010754.pub2

TEAM Study Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group, Hodgson CL, Bailey M, et al. Early active mobilization during mechanical ventilation in the ICU. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(19):1747–1758. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2209083

Schaller SJ, Anstey M, Blobner M, et al. Early, goal-directed mobilisation in the surgical intensive care unit: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2016;388(10052). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31637-3

Bissett BM, Leditschke IA, Neeman T, Boots R, Paratz J. Inspiratory muscle training to enhance recovery from mechanical ventilation: a randomised trial. Thorax. 2016;71(9). https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208279

Scheffenbichler L, Teja B, Scheffenbichler F, et al. Influence of the acuity of patients’ illness on effectiveness of early, goal-directed mobilization in the intensive care unit: a post hoc analysis. Crit Care. 2020;24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03346-y

Kayambu G, Boots R, Paratz J. Early physical rehabilitation in intensive care patients with sepsis syndromes: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3763-8

Griesbach GS, Hovda DA, Molteni R, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F. Voluntary exercise following traumatic brain injury: brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation and recovery of function. Neuroscience. 2004;125(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.030

Kreitzer N, Rath K, Kurowski BG, et al. Rehabilitation practices in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. In: J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2019;34. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000477

Lewis NE, Tabarestani TQ, Cellini BR, et al. Effect of acute physical interventions on pathophysiology and recovery after spinal cord injury: a comprehensive review of the literature. Neurospine. 2022;19(3):671–86. https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244476.238.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Riberholt CG, Thorlund JB, Mehlsen J, Nordenbo AM. Patients with severe acquired brain injury show increased arousal in tilt-table training. Dan Med J. 2013;60(12).

Yen HC, Jeng JS, Chen WS, et al. Early mobilization of mild-moderate intracerebral hemorrhage patients in a stroke center: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2020;34(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968319893294

Higgins SD, Erdogan M, Coles SJ, Green RS. Early mobilization of trauma patients admitted to intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Injury. 2019;50(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2019.09.007

• Coles SJ, Erdogan M, Higgins SD, Green RS. Impact of an early mobilization protocol on outcomes in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a retrospective pre-post study. In: J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;88. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002588. This retrospective study examined outcomes of 526 adult trauma patients in relation to mortality, length of hospital stay, ICU stay, and ventilator free days. The authors determined there was a significant reduction in mortality following early mobilization intervention in the ICU through an Early Mobilization Protocol (EMP). There was no difference in length of stay, ICU free days, or ventilator free days.

Afshari FT, Choi D, Russo A. Controversies regarding mobilisation and rehabilitation following acute spinal cord injury. Br J Neurosurg. 2020;34(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2019.1708268

• Asano K, Nakamura T, Funakoshi K. Early mobilization in spinal cord injury promotes changes in microglial dynamics and recovery of motor function. IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2022;12:366–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.04.002. This animal study examined the histological changes that occur in rats after initiation of early mobilization in SCI. The authors performed a surgical transection of the thoracic spinal cord to assess whether axonal regeneration influences the recovery of motor function. Cellular dynamics were analyzed and compared after mobility intervention and found to have a decrease in neuroinflammatory microglia at the spinal cord injury site. This potentially could reduce tissue destruction, encourage nerve regeneration, and contribute to motor function improvement.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hachem LD, Ahuja CS, Fehlings MG. Assessment and management of acute spinal cord injury: from point of injury to rehabilitation. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017;40(6):665–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2017.1329076.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lewis NE, Tabarestani TQ, Cellini BR, et al. Effect of acute physical interventions on pathophysiology and recovery after spinal cord injury: a comprehensive review of the literature. Neurospine. 2022;19(3). https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244476.238

Chhaya SJ, Quiros-Molina D, Tamashiro-Orrego AD, Houlé JD, Detloff MR. Exercise-induced changes to the macrophage response in the dorsal root ganglia prevent neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2019;36(6). https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.5819

Hansen CN, Fisher LC, Deibert RJ, et al. Elevated MMP-9 in the lumbar cord early after thoracic spinal cord injury impedes motor relearning in mice. J Neurosci. 2013;33(32). https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1576-13.2013

Norden DM, Qatanani A, Bethea JR, Jiang J. Chronic spinal cord injury impairs primary CD8 T cell antiviral immunity but does not affect generation or function of memory CD8 T cells. Exp Neurol. 2019;317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.010

Laird AS, Carrive P, Waite PME. Effect of treadmill training on autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord-injured rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968309335976

Smith RR, Brown EH, Shum-Siu A, et al. Swim training initiated acutely after spinal cord injury is ineffective and induces extravasation in and around the epicenter. J Neurotrauma. 2009;26(7). https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2008.0829

Markandaya M, Stein DM, Menaker J. Acute treatment options for spinal cord injury. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2012;14(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-011-0162-5

Diong J, Harvey LA, Kwah LK, et al. Incidence and predictors of contracture after spinal cord injurya prospective cohort study. Spinal Cord. 2012;50(8). https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2012.25

Wang D, Teddy PJ, Henderson NJ, Shine BSF, Gardner BP. Mobilization of patients after spinal surgery for acute spinal cord injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26(20). https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200110150-00022

Herzer KR, Chen Y, Heinemann AW, González-Fernández M. Association between time to rehabilitation and outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury. In: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.05.009

Berlowitz D, Tamplin J. Respiratory muscle training for cervical spinal cord injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008507.pub2

Wuermser LA, Ho CH, Chiodo AE, Priebe MM, Kirshblum SC, Scelza WM. Spinal cord injury medicine. 2. Acute Care Management of Traumatic and Nontraumatic Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(3 SUPPL.1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.12.002

Rozeboom N, Parenteau K, Carratturo D. Rehabilitation starts in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2012;35(3). https://doi.org/10.1097/CNQ.0b013e3182542d8c

Murphy M. Traumatic spinal cord injury: An acute care rehabilitation perspective. Crit Care Nurs Q. 1999;22(2). https://doi.org/10.1097/00002727-199908000-00009

Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Early acute management in adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals. J Spinal Cord Med. 2008;31(4):403–79. https://doi.org/10.1043/1079-0268-31.4.408.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kushner DS, Amidei C. Rehabilitation of motor dysfunction in primary brain tumor patients†. Neurooncol Pract. 2015;2(4):185–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npv019.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cote DJ, Smith TR. Venous thromboembolism in brain tumor patients. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;25:13–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2015.05.053.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shahpar S, Wong AWK, Keeshin S, et al. Functional outcomes of an interdisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation program for patients with malignant brain tumors. PM and R. 2018;10(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.002

Elayat A, Jena SS, Nayak S, Sahu RN, Tripathy S. “Enhanced recovery after surgery – ERAS in elective craniotomies-a non-randomized controlled trial.” BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02150-7

Rahman RK, Ginalis EE, Patel Y, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for craniotomies in the treatment of brain tumors: A systematic review. Neurochirurgie. 2023;69(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2023.101442

Hagan KB, Bhavsar S, Raza SM, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery for oncological craniotomies. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2015.08.013

Khozenko A, Lamperti M, Velly L, Simeone P, Tufegdzic B. Role of anaesthesia in neurosurgical enhanced recovery programmes. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2021;35(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2020.11.001

Liu B, Liu S, Wang Y, et al. Neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme for elective craniotomies: are patients satisfied with their experiences? A quantitative and qualitative analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028706

Wang Y, Liu B, Zhao T, et al. Safety and efficacy of a novel neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for elective craniotomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 2019;130(5). https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.JNS171552

Carmichael ST, Archibeque I, Luke L, Nolan T, Momiy J, Li S. Growth-associated gene expression after stroke: evidence for a growth-promoting region in peri-infarct cortex. Exp Neurol. 2005;193(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.01.004

Austin MW, Ploughman M, Glynn L, Corbett D. Aerobic exercise effects on neuroprotection and brain repair following stroke: a systematic review and perspective. Neurosci Res. 2014;87(C).

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif