Galindo RJ, Hurtado CR, Pasquel FJ, García Tome R, Peng L, Umpierrez GE. National trends in incidence, mortality, and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized for thyrotoxicosis with and without thyroid storm in the United States, 2004–2013. Thyroid. 2019;29(1):36–43.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ono Y, Ono S, Yasunaga H, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Tanaka Y. Factors associated with mortality of thyroid storm: analysis using a national inpatient database in Japan. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(7):e2848.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akamizu T, Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, Wakino S, Iburi T, et al. Diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and incidence of thyroid storm based on nationwide surveys. Thyroid. 2012;22(7):661–79.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy. ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 223. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(6):e261–74.

Article  Google Scholar 

Andersen SL, Olsen J, Carlé A, Laurberg P. Hyperthyroidism incidence fluctuates widely in and around pregnancy and is at variance with some other autoimmune diseases: a Danish population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(3):1164–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dong AC, Stagnaro-Green A. Differences in diagnostic criteria mask the true prevalence of thyroid disease in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid. 2019;29(2):278–89.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Korelitz JJ, McNally DL, Masters MN, Li SX, Xu Y, Rivkees SA. Prevalence of thyrotoxicosis, antithyroid medication use, and complications among pregnant women in the United States. Thyroid. 2013;23(6):758–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A, Gutierrez-Buey G, Lazarus JH, Dayan CM, et al. Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(5):301–16.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tina Ngan TY, Faden M, El-Messidi A, Brown R. 801: Maternal and obstetric outcomes among women with thyroid storm in pregnancy: a population-based study of 4.2 million births. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(1, Supplement):S460–1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rd CUFF. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy: a clinical approach. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2019;62(2):320–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Krassas G, Karras SN, Pontikides N. Thyroid diseases during pregnancy: a number of important issues. Hormones (Athens). 2015;14(1):59–69.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Szkudlinski MW, Fremont V, Ronin C, Weintraub BD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships. Physiol Rev. 2002;82(2):473–502.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hershman JM. Physiological and pathological aspects of the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on the thyroid. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;18(2):249–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper DS, Laurberg P. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1(3):238–49.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kung AW, Ma JT, Wang C, Young RT. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy due to coexistence of struma ovarii and Graves’ disease. Postgrad Med J. 1990;66(772):132–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Caron P, Gerbeau C, Pradayrol L. Maternal-fetal transfer of octreotide. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(9):601–2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiménez-Labaig P, Mañe JM, Rivero MP, Lombardero L, Sancho A, López-Vivanco G. Just an acute pulmonary edema? Paraneoplastic thyroid storm due to invasive mole. Case Rep Oncol. 2022;15(2):566–72.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kaulfers AM, Bhowmick SK. Molar pregnancy causing thyrotoxicosis in a teenage girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Glob Pediatr Health. 2015;2:2333794x15574285.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharma S, Sharma S, Gandrabur L, Amin B, Rehmani R, Singh A. Molar pregnancy complicated by impending thyroid storm. Cureus. 2021;13(11):e19656.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tewari K, Balderston KD, Carpenter SE, Major CA. Papillary thyroid carcinoma manifesting as thyroid storm of pregnancy: case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(3):818–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarlis NJ, Gourgiotis L. Thyroid emergencies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2003;4(2):129–36.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thumma S, Manchala V, Mattana J. Radiocontrast-induced thyroid storm. Am J Ther. 2019;26(5):e644–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takemoto K, Takada S. Thyroid storm associated with type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis due to long-term administration: a case report. Acute Med Surg. 2020;7(1):e616.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kataoka S, Matsuno K, Sugano K, Takahashi K. Thyroid storm induced by combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. BMJ Case Rep. 2022;15(10):e250696.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sebe A, Satar S, Sari A. Thyroid storm induced by aspirin intoxication and the effect of hemodialysis: a case report. Adv Ther. 2004;21(3):173–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yuan YD, Seak CJ, Lin CC, Lin LJ. Thyroid storm precipitated by organophosphate intoxication. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25(7):861.e1-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guenter KE, Friedland GA. Thyroid Storm and Placenta Previa in a Primigravida. Obstet Gynecol. 1965;26(3):403–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saroyo YB, Harzif AK, Anisa BM, Charilda FE. Thyroid storm in the second stage of labour: a case report. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(7):e243159.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sugiyama Y, Tanaka R, Yoshiyama Y, Ichino T, Hishinuma N, Shimizu S, et al. A case of sudden onset of thyroid storm just before cesarean section manifesting congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. JA Clinical Reports. 2017;3(1):20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burch HB, Wartofsky L. Life-threatening thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid storm. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1993;22(2):263–77.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, Wakino S, Iburi T, Tsuboi K, et al. 2016 Guidelines for the management of thyroid storm from The Japan Thyroid Association and Japan Endocrine Society (First edition). Endocr J. 2016;63(12):1025–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nayak B, Burman K. Thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006;35(4):663–86, vii.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villavicencio CA, Franco-Akel A, Belokovskaya R. Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis complicated by thyroid storm in a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum. JCEM Case Rep. 2023;1(3):luad064.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim HE, Yang J, Park JE, Baek JC, Jo HC. Thyroid storm in a pregnant woman with COVID-19 infection: a case report and review of literatures. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11(4):888–95.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zimmerman CF, Ilstad-Minnihan AB, Bruggeman BS, Bruggeman BJ, Dayton KJ, Joseph N, et al. Thyroid storm caused by hyperemesis gravidarum. AACE Clin Case Rep. 2022;8(3):124–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sugiyama Y, Tanaka R, Yoshiyama Y, Ichino T, Hishinuma N, Shimizu S, et al. A case of sudden onset of thyroid storm just before cesarean section manifesting congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema. JA Clin Rep. 2017;3(1):20.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, et al. 2016 American thyroid association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016;26(10):1343–421.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27(3):315–89.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ota H, Amino N, Morita S, Kobayashi K, Kubota S, Fukata S, et al. Quantitative measurement of thyroid blood flow for differentiation of painless thyroiditis from Graves’ disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;67(1):41–5.