1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Hospital Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si, South Korea

2Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH

3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea

4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea

5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea

6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea

7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

Correspondence to: Ju-Won Roh, MD, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Hospital, Ilsan Medical Center, 1205, Jungang-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10414, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID iDs: Min-Jeong Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-1827Grace J. Lee http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-989XEun Ji Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-8955Seungmee Lee https://0000-0003-1405-2656Chae Hyeong Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1144-4243Doo Byung Chay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-4021Jae-Hoon Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6599-7065Ju-Won Roh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-8742

The authors have declared they have no conflicts of interest.

Three university hospitals have and independently run their own institutional review board, by which the study design was approved (Seoul National University Hospital Approval No. H-2003-004-1104, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital Approval No. 3-2021-0058, and Donguk University Ilsan Hospital Approval No. DUIH 2020-03-020.

C.H.L. and J.-W.R. did the conceptualization. E.J.L., S.L., D.B.C., and C.H.L. did the data curation. M.-J.K., G.J.L., E.J.L., S.L., D.B.C., and C.H.L. did the formal analysis. C.H.L. and J.-W.R. did the project administration. M.-J.K., C.H.L., J.-H.K., and J.-W.R. did the investigation.M.-J.K., C.H.L., and J.-W.R. did the methodology. M.-J.K. did the software. C.H.L. and J.-W.R. did the validation. J.-W.R. and J.-H.K. did the supervision. M.-J.K. and G.J.L. did the writing—original draft. G.J.L., C.H.L., J.-H.K., and J.-W.R. did the writing—review and editing.

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